Just another update
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One good way of making an animation is by simulating a physical system and illustrating the variables in that system using a dynamically changing graphical display. The classic such physical system is a [[wp:Pendulum|simple gravity pendulum]].
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One good way of making an animation is by simulating a physical system and illustrating the variables in that system using a dynamically changing graphical display.
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The classic such physical system is a [[wp:Pendulum|simple gravity pendulum]].
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For this task, create a simple physical model of a pendulum and animate it.
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45
Task/Animate-a-pendulum/Common-Lisp/animate-a-pendulum.lisp
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45
Task/Animate-a-pendulum/Common-Lisp/animate-a-pendulum.lisp
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@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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(defvar *frame-rate* 30)
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(defvar *damping* 0.99 "Deceleration factor.")
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(defun make-pendulum (length theta0 x)
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"Returns an anonymous function with enclosed state representing a pendulum."
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(let* ((theta (* (/ theta0 180) pi))
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(acceleration 0))
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(if (< length 40) (setf length 40)) ;;avoid a divide-by-zero
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(lambda ()
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;;Draws the pendulum, updating its location and speed.
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(sdl:draw-line (sdl:point :x x :y 1)
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(sdl:point :x (+ (* (sin theta) length) x)
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:y (* (cos theta) length)))
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(sdl:draw-filled-circle (sdl:point :x (+ (* (sin theta) length) x)
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:y (* (cos theta) length))
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20
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:color sdl:*yellow*
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:stroke-color sdl:*white*)
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;;The magic constant approximates the speed we want for a given frame-rate.
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(incf acceleration (* (sin theta) (* *frame-rate* -0.001)))
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(incf theta acceleration)
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(setf acceleration (* acceleration *damping*)))))
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(defun main (&optional (w 640) (h 480))
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(sdl:with-init ()
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(sdl:window w h :title-caption "Pendulums"
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:fps (make-instance 'sdl:fps-fixed))
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(setf (sdl:frame-rate) *frame-rate*)
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(let ((pendulums nil))
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(sdl:with-events ()
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(:quit-event () t)
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(:idle ()
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(sdl:clear-display sdl:*black*)
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(mapcar #'funcall pendulums) ;;Draw all the pendulums
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(sdl:update-display))
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(:key-down-event (:key key)
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(cond ((sdl:key= key :sdl-key-escape)
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(sdl:push-quit-event))
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((sdl:key= key :sdl-key-space)
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(push (make-pendulum (random (- h 100))
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(random 90)
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(round w 2))
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pendulums))))))))
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74
Task/Animate-a-pendulum/Fortran/animate-a-pendulum.f
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74
Task/Animate-a-pendulum/Fortran/animate-a-pendulum.f
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@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
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!Implemented by Anant Dixit (October, 2014)
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program animated_pendulum
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implicit none
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double precision, parameter :: pi = 4.0D0*atan(1.0D0), l = 1.0D-1, dt = 1.0D-2, g = 9.8D0
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integer :: io
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double precision :: s_ang, c_ang, p_ang, n_ang
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write(*,*) 'Enter starting angle (in degrees):'
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do
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read(*,*,iostat=io) s_ang
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if(io.ne.0 .or. s_ang.lt.-90.0D0 .or. s_ang.gt.90.0D0) then
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write(*,*) 'Please enter an angle between 90 and -90 degrees:'
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else
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exit
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end if
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end do
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call system('clear')
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c_ang = s_ang*pi/180.0D0
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p_ang = c_ang
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call display(c_ang)
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do
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call next_time_step(c_ang,p_ang,g,l,dt,n_ang)
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if(abs(c_ang-p_ang).ge.0.05D0) then
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call system('clear')
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call display(c_ang)
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end if
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end do
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end program
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subroutine next_time_step(c_ang,p_ang,g,l,dt,n_ang)
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double precision :: c_ang, p_ang, g, l, dt, n_ang
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n_ang = (-g*sin(c_ang)/l)*2.0D0*dt**2 + 2.0D0*c_ang - p_ang
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p_ang = c_ang
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c_ang = n_ang
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end subroutine
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subroutine display(c_ang)
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double precision :: c_ang
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character (len=*), parameter :: cfmt = '(A1)'
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double precision :: rx, ry
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integer :: x, y, i, j
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rx = 45.0D0*sin(c_ang)
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ry = 22.5D0*cos(c_ang)
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x = int(rx)+51
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y = int(ry)+2
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do i = 1,32
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do j = 1,100
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if(i.eq.y .and. j.eq.x) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'O'
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else if(i.eq.y .and. (j.eq.(x-1).or.j.eq.(x+1))) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'G'
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else if(j.eq.x .and. (i.eq.(y-1).or.i.eq.(y+1))) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'G'
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else if(i.eq.y .and. (j.eq.(x-2).or.j.eq.(x+2))) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '#'
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else if(j.eq.x .and. (i.eq.(y-2).or.i.eq.(y+2))) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'G'
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else if((i.eq.(y+1).and.j.eq.(x+1)) .or. (i.eq.(y-1).and.j.eq.(x-1))) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '#'
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else if((i.eq.(y+1).and.j.eq.(x-1)) .or. (i.eq.(y-1).and.j.eq.(x+1))) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '#'
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else if(j.eq.50) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '|'
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else if(i.eq.2) then
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '-'
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else
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write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' '
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end if
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end do
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write(*,*)
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end do
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end subroutine
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'gl2 trig'
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coinsert 'jgl2'
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DT =: %30 NB. seconds
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ANGLE=: 0.25p1 NB. radians
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ANGLE=: 0.45p1 NB. radians
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L =: 1 NB. metres
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G =: 9.80665 NB. ms_2
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VEL =: 0 NB. ms_1
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@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ drawPendulum=: verb define
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width=. {. glqwh''
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ps=. (-: width) , 40
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pe=. ps + 280 <.@* (cos , sin) 0.5p1 + y NB. adjust orientation
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glrgb 91 91 91
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glbrush''
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glbrush glrgb 91 91 91
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gllines ps , pe
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glellipse (,~ ps - -:) 40 15
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glellipse (,~ pe - -:) 20 20
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52
Task/Animate-a-pendulum/J/animate-a-pendulum-2.j
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52
Task/Animate-a-pendulum/J/animate-a-pendulum-2.j
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@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
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require 'gl2 trig'
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coinsert 'jgl2'
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DT =: %30 NB. seconds
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ANGLE=: 0.45p1 NB. radians
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L =: 1 NB. metres
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G =: 9.80665 NB. ms_2
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VEL =: 0 NB. ms_1
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PEND=: noun define
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pc pend;pn "Pendulum";
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minwh 320 200; cc isi isigraph type flush;
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)
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pend_run=: verb define
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wd PEND,'pshow'
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wd 'timer ',":DT * 1000
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)
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pend_close=: verb define
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wd 'timer 0; pclose'
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)
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sys_timer_z_=: verb define
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recalcAngle_base_ ''
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wd 'psel pend; set isi invalid'
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)
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pend_isi_paint=: verb define
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drawPendulum ANGLE
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)
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recalcAngle=: verb define
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accel=. - (G % L) * sin ANGLE
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VEL =: VEL + accel * DT
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ANGLE=: ANGLE + VEL * DT
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)
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drawPendulum=: verb define
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width=. {. glqwh''
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ps=. (-: width) , 20
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pe=. ps + 150 <.@* (cos , sin) 0.5p1 + y NB. adjust orientation
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glclear''
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glbrush glrgb 91 91 91 NB. gray
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gllines ps , pe
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glellipse (,~ ps - -:) 40 15
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glrect 0 0, width, 20
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glbrush glrgb 255 255 0 NB. yellow
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glellipse (,~ pe - -:) 15 15 NB. orb
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)
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pend_run''
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@ -1,33 +1,26 @@
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import scala.swing._
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import scala.swing.Swing._
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import scala.actors._
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import scala.actors.Actor._
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import java.awt.{Color, Graphics}
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import java.awt.Color
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import scala.actors.Actor
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import scala.swing.{ Graphics2D, MainFrame, Panel, SimpleSwingApplication }
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import scala.swing.Swing.pair2Dimension
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object Pendulum extends SimpleSwingApplication {
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val length = 100
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val prefSizeX = 2*length+50
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val prefSizeY = length/2*3
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val length = 100
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lazy val ui = new Panel {
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import math._
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import scala.math.{ cos, Pi, sin }
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background = Color.white
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preferredSize = (prefSizeX, prefSizeY)
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preferredSize = (2 * length + 50, length / 2 * 3)
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peer.setDoubleBuffered(true)
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var angle: Double = Pi/2;
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var angle: Double = Pi / 2
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def pendular = new Actor {
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var angleAccel, angleVelocity = 0.0;
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var dt = 0.1
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var angleVelocity = 0.0
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val dt = 0.1
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def act() {
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while (true) {
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angleAccel = -9.81 / length * sin(angle)
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angleVelocity += angleAccel * dt
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angleVelocity += (-9.81 / length * sin(angle)) * dt
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angle += angleVelocity * dt
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repaint()
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Thread.sleep(15)
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@ -38,14 +31,11 @@ object Pendulum extends SimpleSwingApplication {
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override def paintComponent(g: Graphics2D) = {
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super.paintComponent(g)
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g.setColor(Color.white);
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g.fillRect(0, 0, size.width, size.height);
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val anchorX = size.width / 2
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val anchorY = size.height / 4
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val ballX = anchorX + (sin(angle) * length).toInt
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val ballY = anchorY + (cos(angle) * length).toInt
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val (anchorX, anchorY) = (size.width / 2, size.height / 4)
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val (ballX, ballY) =
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(anchorX + (sin(angle) * length).toInt, anchorY + (cos(angle) * length).toInt)
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g.setColor(Color.lightGray)
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g.drawLine(anchorX-2*length, anchorY, anchorX+2*length, anchorY)
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g.drawLine(anchorX - 2 * length, anchorY, anchorX + 2 * length, anchorY)
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g.setColor(Color.black)
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g.drawLine(anchorX, anchorY, ballX, ballY)
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g.fillOval(anchorX - 3, anchorY - 4, 7, 7)
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@ -58,7 +48,7 @@ object Pendulum extends SimpleSwingApplication {
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def top = new MainFrame {
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title = "Rosetta Code >>> Task: Animate a pendulum | Language: Scala"
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contents = ui
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centerOnScreen
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ui.pendular.start
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}
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}
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