Just another update

Task/Classes/00DESCRIPTION

@@ -1,14 +1,28 @@
-In [[object-oriented programming]] '''class''' is a set (a [[wp:Transitive_closure|transitive closure]]) of types bound by the relation of [[inheritance]]. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T. The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the '''root type''' of the class.
+In [[object-oriented programming]] '''class''' is a set (a [[wp:Transitive_closure|transitive closure]]) of types bound by the relation of [[inheritance]]. It is said that all types derived from some base type T and the type T itself form a class T.
+The first type T from the class T sometimes is called the '''root type''' of the class.
 
-A class of types itself, as a type, has the values and operations of its own. The operations of are usually called '''methods''' of the root type. Both operations and values are called [[polymorphism | polymorphic]].
+A class of types itself, as a type, has the values and operations of its own.
+The operations of are usually called '''methods''' of the root type.
+Both operations and values are called [[polymorphism | polymorphic]].
 
-A polymorphic operation (method) selects an implementation depending on the actual specific type of the polymorphic argument. The action of choice the type-specific implementation of a polymorphic operation is called '''dispatch'''. Correspondingly, polymorphic operations are often called '''dispatching''' or '''virtual'''. Operations with multiple arguments and/or the results of the class are called '''multi-methods'''. A further generalization of is the operation with arguments and/or results from different classes.
+A polymorphic operation (method) selects an implementation depending on the actual specific type of the polymorphic argument.
+The action of choice the type-specific implementation of a polymorphic operation is called '''dispatch'''. Correspondingly, polymorphic operations are often called '''dispatching''' or '''virtual'''.
+Operations with multiple arguments and/or the results of the class are called '''multi-methods'''.
+A further generalization of is the operation with arguments and/or results from different classes.
 
 * single-dispatch languages are those that allow only one argument or result to control the dispatch. Usually it is the first parameter, often hidden, so that a prefix notation ''x''.''f''() is used instead of mathematical ''f''(''x'').
 * multiple-dispatch languages allow many arguments and/or results to control the dispatch.
 
-A polymorphic value has a type tag indicating its specific type from the class and the corresponding specific value of that type. This type is sometimes called '''the most specific type''' of a [polymorphic] value. The type tag of the value is used in order to resolve the dispatch. The set of polymorphic values of a class is a transitive closure of the sets of values of all types from that class.
+A polymorphic value has a type tag indicating its specific type from the class and the corresponding specific value of that type.
+This type is sometimes called '''the most specific type''' of a [polymorphic] value.
+The type tag of the value is used in order to resolve the dispatch.
+The set of polymorphic values of a class is a transitive closure of the sets of values of all types from that class.
 
-In many [[object-oriented programming | OO]] languages the type of the class of T and T itself are considered equivalent. In some languages they are distinct (like in [[Ada]]). When class T and T are equivalent, there is no way to distinguish polymorphic and specific values.
+In many [[object-oriented programming | OO]] languages
+the type of the class of T and T itself are considered equivalent.
+In some languages they are distinct (like in [[Ada]]).
+When class T and T are equivalent, there is no way to distinguish
+polymorphic and specific values.
 
-The purpose of this task is to create a basic class with a method, a constructor, an instance variable and how to instantiate it.
+The purpose of this task is to create a basic class with a method,
+a constructor, an instance variable and how to instantiate it.

Task/Classes/Clojure/classes.clj

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+; You can think of this as an interface
+(defprotocol Foo (getFoo [this]))
+
+; Generates Example1 Class with foo as field, with method that returns foo.
+(defrecord Example1 [foo] Foo (getFoo [this] foo))
+
+; Create instance and invoke our method to return field value
+(-> (Example1. "Hi") .getFoo)
+"Hi"

Task/Classes/Java/classes-1.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-public class MyClass {
+public class MyClass{
 
   // instance variable
   private int variable;  // Note: instance variables are usually "private"
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ public class MyClass {
   /**
   * The constructor
   */
-  public MyClass() {
+  public MyClass(){
     // creates a new instance
   }
 
   /**
   * A method
   */
-  public void someMethod() {
+  public void someMethod(){
    this.variable = 1;
   }
 }

Task/Classes/Java/classes-2.java

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+new MyClass();

Task/Classes/Objective-C/classes-2.m

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 @implementation MyClass
 
 // Was not declared because init is defined in NSObject
-- (id)init
+- (instancetype)init
 {
-    if (self = [super init])
-        variable = 0;
+    if (self = [super init]) {
+        variable = 0; // not strictly necessary as all instance variables are initialized to zero
+    }
     return self;
 }
 

Task/Classes/REALbasic/classes-1.realbasic

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Class NumberContainer
+  Private TheNumber As Integer
+  Sub Constructor(InitialNumber As Integer)
+    TheNumber = InitialNumber
+  End Sub
+
+  Function Number() As Integer
+    Return TheNumber
+  End Function
+
+  Sub Number(Assigns NewNumber As Integer)
+    TheNumber = NewNumber
+  End Sub
+End Class

Task/Classes/REALbasic/classes-2.realbasic

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Dim num As New NumberContainer(1) ' call the constructor
+num.Number = num.Number + 5 ' call both Number methods

Task/Classes/Ruby/classes.rb

@@ -1,26 +1,13 @@
 class MyClass
-  @@class_var = []
 
   def initialize
-    # 'initialize' is the constructor method invoked during 'MyClass.new'
     @instance_var = 0
   end
 
-  def some_method
-    @instance_var = 1
-    @@class_var << Time.now
+  def add_1
+    @instance_var += 1
   end
 
-  def self.class_method
-    # ...
-  end
-
-  # another way to define class methods: define an instance method in this class object's singleton class
-  class << self
-    def another_class_method
-      # ...
-    end
-  end
 end
 
-myclass = MyClass.new
+my_class = MyClass.new #allocates an object and calls it's initialize method, then returns it.

Task/Classes/UNIX-Shell/classes.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+typeset -T Summation_t=(
+    integer sum
+
+    # the constructor
+    function create {
+        _.sum=0
+    }
+
+    # a method
+    function add {
+        (( _.sum += $1 ))
+    }
+)
+
+Summation_t s
+for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+    s.add $i
+done
+print ${s.sum}