Add all the A tasks
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Demonstrate how to dynamically add variables to an object (a class instance) at runtime.
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This is useful when the methods/variables of an instance are based on a data file that isn't available until runtime. Hal Fulton gives an example of creating an OO CSV parser at [http://www.devsource.com/article2/0,1759,1928562,00.asp An Exercise in Metaprogramming with Ruby]. This is referred to as "monkeypatching" by Pythonistas and some others.
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---
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note: Object oriented
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var object:Object = new Object();
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object.foo = "bar";
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package
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{
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public dynamic class Foo
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{
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// ...
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}
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}
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var foo:Foo = new Foo();
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foo.bar = "zap";
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with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
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procedure Dynamic is
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package Abstract_Class is
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type Class is limited interface;
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function Boo (X : Class) return String is abstract;
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end Abstract_Class;
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use Abstract_Class;
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package Base_Class is
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type Base is new Class with null record;
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overriding function Boo (X : Base) return String;
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end Base_Class;
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package body Base_Class is
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function Boo (X : Base) return String is
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begin
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return "I am Class";
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end Boo;
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end Base_Class;
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use Base_Class;
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E : aliased Base; -- An instance of Base
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begin
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-- Gone run-time
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declare
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type Monkey_Patch (Root : access Base) is new Class with record
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Foo : Integer := 1;
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end record;
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overriding function Boo (X : Monkey_Patch) return String;
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function Boo (X : Monkey_Patch) return String is
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begin -- Delegation to the base
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return X.Root.Boo;
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end Boo;
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EE : Monkey_Patch (E'Access); -- Extend E
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begin
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Put_Line (EE.Boo & " with" & Integer'Image (EE.Foo));
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end;
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end Dynamic;
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e := {}
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e.foo := 1
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# CoffeeScript is dynamic, just like the Javascript it compiles to.
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# You can dynamically add attributes to objects.
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# First create an object very simply.
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e = {}
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e.foo = "bar"
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e.yo = -> "baz"
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console.log e.foo, e.yo()
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# CS also has class syntax to instantiate objects, the details of which
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# aren't shown here. The mechanism to add members is the same, though.
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class Empty
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# empty class
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e = new Empty()
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e.foo = "bar"
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e.yo = -> "baz"
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console.log e.foo, e.yo()
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e = {} // generic object
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e.foo = 1
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e["bar"] = 2 // name specified at runtime
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empty = {}
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empty.foo = 1
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class E {};
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$e=new E();
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$e->foo=1;
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$e->{"foo"} = 1; // using a runtime name
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$x = "foo";
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$e->$x = 1; // using a runtime name in a variable
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package Empty;
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# Constructor. Object is hash.
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sub new { return bless {}, shift; }
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package main;
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# Object.
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my $o = Empty->new;
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# Set runtime variable (key => value).
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$o->{'foo'} = 1;
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: (setq MyObject (new '(+MyClass))) # Create some object
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-> $385605941
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: (put MyObject 'newvar '(some value)) # Set variable
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-> (some value)
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: (show MyObject) # Show the object
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$385605941 (+MyClass)
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newvar (some value)
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-> $385605941
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class empty(object):
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pass
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e = empty()
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e.foo = 1
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setattr(e, name, value)
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class empty(object):
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def __init__(this):
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this.foo = "whatever"
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def patch_empty(obj):
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def fn(self=obj):
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print self.foo
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obj.print_output = fn
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e = empty()
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patch_empty(e)
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e.print_output()
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# >>> whatever
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class Empty
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end
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e = Empty.new
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class << e
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attr_accessor :foo
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end
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e.foo = 1
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puts e.foo # output: "1"
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f = Empty.new
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f.foo = 1 # raises NoMethodError
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import language.dynamics
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import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
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class A extends Dynamic {
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private val map = new HashMap[String, Any]
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def selectDynamic(name: String): Any = {
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return map(name)
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}
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def updateDynamic(name:String)(value: Any) = {
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map(name) = value
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}
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}
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scala> val a = new A
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a: A = A@7b20f29d
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scala> a.foo = 42
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a.foo: Any = 42
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scala> a.foo
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res10: Any = 42
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|addSlot p|
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addSlot :=
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[:obj :slotName |
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|anonCls newObj|
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anonCls := obj class
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subclass:(obj class name,'+') asSymbol
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instanceVariableNames:slotName
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classVariableNames:''
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poolDictionaries:'' category:nil
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inEnvironment:nil.
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anonCls compile:('%1 ^ %1' bindWith:slotName).
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anonCls compile:('%1:v %1 := v' bindWith:slotName).
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newObj := anonCls cloneFrom:obj.
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obj become:newObj.
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].
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p := Point x:10 y:20.
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addSlot value:p value:'z'.
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p z:30.
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p z.
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p z:40.
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p inspect
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!Object methodsFor:'adding slots'!
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addSlot: slotName
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|anonCls newObj|
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anonCls := self class
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subclass:(self class name,'+') asSymbol
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instanceVariableNames:slotName
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classVariableNames:''
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poolDictionaries:'' category:nil
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inEnvironment:nil.
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anonCls compile:('%1 ^ %1' bindWith:slotName).
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anonCls compile:('%1:v %1 := v' bindWith:slotName).
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newObj := anonCls cloneFrom:self.
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self become:newObj.
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p := Point x:10 y:20.
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p addSlot:'z'.
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p z:30.
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p z.
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p z:40.
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p inspect
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Object subclass: #Monkey
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instanceVariableNames: 'aVar'
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classVariableNames: ''
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poolDictionaries: ''
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category: nil !
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!Monkey class methodsFor: 'new instance'!
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new
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o := super new.
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o init.
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^o
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!!
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!Monkey methodsFor: 'init instance'!
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init
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aVar := 0
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!
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initWith: value
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aVar := value
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!!
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!Monkey methodsFor: 'set/get the inst var(s)'!
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setVar: var
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aVar := var
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!
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getVar
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^aVar
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!!
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"Create a new instance"
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Smalltalk at: #aMonkey put: (Monkey new) !
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"set the 'original' instance var to 12"
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aMonkey setVar: 12 .
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"let's see what's inside"
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aMonkey inspect .
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"add a new instance var"
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Monkey addInstVarName: 'x'.
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"let's see what's inside now"
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aMonkey inspect .
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"let us create a new method for x"
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!Monkey methodsFor: 'about x'!
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setX: val
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x := val
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!
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x
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^x
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!!
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aMonkey setX: 10 .
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aMonkey inspect .
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(aMonkey x) printNl .
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% package require TclOO
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% oo::class create summation {
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constructor {} {
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variable v 0
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}
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method add x {
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variable v
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incr v $x
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}
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method value {{var v}} {
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variable $var
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return [set $var]
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}
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destructor {
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variable v
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puts "Ended with value $v"
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}
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}
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::summation
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% set s [summation new]
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% # Do the monkey patch!
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% set [info object namespace $s]::time now
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now
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% # Prove it's really part of the object...
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% $s value time
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now
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%
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% oo::class create summation {
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constructor {} {
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variable v 0
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}
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method add x {
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variable v
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incr v $x
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}
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method value {{var v}} {
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variable $var
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return [set $var]
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}
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destructor {
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variable v
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puts "Ended with value $v"
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}
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}
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::summation
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% set s [summation new]
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% set s2 [summation new]
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% oo::objdefine $s export varname
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% # Do the monkey patch...
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% set [$s varname time] "now"
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% $s value time
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now
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% # Show that it is only in one object...
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% $s2 value time
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can't read "time": no such variable
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