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Lang/ALGOL-68/00DESCRIPTION
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== Coercion (casting) ==
ALGOL 68 has a hierarchy of contexts which determine which kind of
coercions are available at a particular point in the program. These contexts are:
* soft - deproceduring
* weak - dereferencing or deproceduring, yielding a name
* meek - dereferencing or deproceduring
* firm - meek, followed by uniting
* strong - firm, followed by widening, rowing or voiding
Depending on the context a MODE (type) will be coerced (widened) to another type if there is no loss
of precision. For example: An INT will be coerced to a REAL, and a REAL will be
coerced to a LONG REAL. But not vice-versa. Examples:
* INT to REAL
* REAL to COMPL
* BITS to []BOOL
* BYTES to STRING
{|class="wikitable"
! Context name !! Context location !! Coercions available in this context!! Coercion examples
|-
!soft
|| The LHS of assignments, as "~" in: <lang algol68>~ := ...</lang>
|| deproceduring
||
* deproceduring of: <lang algol68>PROC REAL random: e.g. random</lang>
|-
!weak
||
* Primaries of slices, as in "~" in: <lang algol68>~[1:99]</lang>
* Secondaries of selections, as "~" in: <lang algol68>value OF ~</lang>
|| all '''soft''' then weak dereferencing
||
<lang algol68>REF BOOL to REF BOOL
REF REF INT to REF INT
REF REF REF REAL to REF REAL
REF REF REF REF STRUCT to REF STRUCT</lang>
|-
!meek
||
* Trimscripts (yielding INT)
* Enquiries: e.g. as "~" in the following<lang algol68>IF ~ THEN ... FI</lang> and <lang algol68>FROM ~ BY ~ TO ~ WHILE ~ DO ... OD etc</lang>
* Primaries of calls (e.g. sin in sin(x))
|| all '''weak''' then dereferencing
||
<lang algol68>REF REF BOOL to BOOL
REF REF REF INT to INT</lang>
|-
!firm
||
*Operands of formulas as "~" in:<lang algol68>OP: ~ * ~</lang>
*Parameters of transput calls
|| all '''meek''' then uniting
|| e.g. <lang algol68>UNION(INT,REAL) var := 1</lang>
|-
!strong
||Right hand side of:
* Identity-declarations, as "~" in: <lang algol68>REAL x = ~</lang>
* Initialisations, as "~" in: <lang algol68>REAL x := ~</lang>
Also:
* Actual-parameters of calls, as "~" in:<lang algol68>PROC: sin(~)</lang>
* Enclosed clauses of casts, as "~" in: <lang algol68>REAL(~)</lang>
* Units of routine-texts
* Statements yielding VOID
* All parts (but one) of a balanced clause
* One side of an identity relation, as "~" in: <lang algol68> ~ IS ~</lang>
|| all '''firm''' then widening, rowing and voiding
||Widening occures if there is no loss of precision. For example: An INT will be coerced to a REAL, and a REAL will be coerced to a LONG REAL. But not vice-versa. Examples:
<lang algol68>INT to LONG INT
INT to REAL
REAL to COMPL
BITS to []BOOL
BYTES to STRING</lang>
A variable can also be coerced (rowed) to an array of length 1. For example:
* INT to [1]INT
* REAL to [1]REAL etc
Pointers are followed (dereferenced), For example:
* REF REF REAL to REAL
<lang algol68>INT to [1]INT
REAL to [1]REAL</lang> etc
|}
For more details about Primaries and Secondaries refer to [[Operator_precedence#ALGOL_68|Operator precedence]].
== Code Specimen ==
{{language programming paradigm|Concurrent}}
{{language programming paradigm|Imperative}}

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{{language}}{{stub}}
{{stub}}{{language}}
;See
* [[ALGOL 60]]
* [[ALGOL 68]]

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{{language|aime
|checking=static
|parampass=both
|safety=safe
|strength=strong
|site=http://sourceforge.net/projects/aime-embedded/
}}{{language programming paradigm|Imperative}}[[derived from::C| ]]
''aime'' is a simple, [[C|C]]-like, [[procedural programming|procedural]], [[imperative programming|imperative]] computer programming language. It is designed as a lightweight language targeted towards application extension [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_category#Extension_languages]. As such, the aime interpreter is easily embeddable in other applications. For the same reasons, the language stresses application integrity and accessibility.

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../../Task/Detect-division-by-zero/Aime

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../../Task/Filter/Aime

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../../Task/Find-common-directory-path/Aime

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../../Task/Flatten-a-list/Aime

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{{alertbox|#ffffe0|''Were you looking for the [[Common Lisp]] library? That category has now been [[:Category:Babel (library)|renamed]].''}}
{{language}}Babel is an interpreted language designed by Clayton Bauman. It is an untyped, stack-based, postfix language with support for arrays, lists and hashes (dictionaries). Babel 1.0 will support built-in crypto-based verification of code in order to enable safer remote code execution.
Babel is implemented in [[C]]. It is still under development with a v0.9 release planned for December 2012, so please excuse the dust and debris in the [https://github.com/claytonkb/Babel current implementation].
Babel is implemented in [[C]]. It is still under development with a v0.9 release planned for December 2013, so please excuse the dust and debris in the [https://github.com/claytonkb/Babel current implementation].
Check out the <tt>README</tt> and the <tt>doc/</tt> folder on github for more information.

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