new files

Task/Ackermann-function/0DESCRIPTION

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+The '''[[wp:Ackermann function|Ackermann function]]''' is a classic recursive example in computer science. It is a function that grows very quickly (in its value and in the size of its call tree). It is defined as follows:
+
+:<math> A(m, n) =
+ \begin{cases}
+ n+1 & \mbox{if } m = 0 \\
+ A(m-1, 1) & \mbox{if } m > 0 \mbox{ and } n = 0 \\
+ A(m-1, A(m, n-1)) & \mbox{if } m > 0 \mbox{ and } n > 0.
+ \end{cases}
+</math>
+<!-- <table><tr><td width=12><td><td><math>n+1</math><td>if <math>m=0</math> <tr><td> <td><math>A(m, n) =</math> <td><math>A(m-1, 1)</math> <td>if <math>m>0</math> and <math>n=0</math> <tr><td><td><td><math>A(m-1, A(m, n-1))</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td> if <math>m>0</math> and <math>n>0</math></table> -->
+
+Its arguments are never negative and it always terminates. Write a function which returns the value of <math>A(m, n)</math>. Arbitrary precision is preferred (since the function grows so quickly), but not required.

Task/Ackermann-function/1META.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+category:
+- Memoization
+- Classic CS problems and programs
+note: Recursion

Task/Ackermann-function/ABAP/ackermann-function.abap

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+REPORT  zhuberv_ackermann.
+
+CLASS zcl_ackermann DEFINITION.
+  PUBLIC SECTION.
+    CLASS-METHODS ackermann IMPORTING m TYPE i
+                                      n TYPE i
+                            RETURNING value(v) TYPE i.
+ENDCLASS.            "zcl_ackermann DEFINITION
+
+
+CLASS zcl_ackermann IMPLEMENTATION.
+
+  METHOD: ackermann.
+
+    DATA: lv_new_m TYPE i,
+          lv_new_n TYPE i.
+
+    IF m = 0.
+      v = n + 1.
+    ELSEIF m > 0 AND n = 0.
+      lv_new_m = m - 1.
+      lv_new_n = 1.
+      v = ackermann( m = lv_new_m n = lv_new_n ).
+    ELSEIF m > 0 AND n > 0.
+      lv_new_m = m - 1.
+
+      lv_new_n = n - 1.
+      lv_new_n = ackermann( m = m n = lv_new_n ).
+
+      v = ackermann( m = lv_new_m n = lv_new_n ).
+    ENDIF.
+
+  ENDMETHOD.                    "ackermann
+
+ENDCLASS.                    "zcl_ackermann IMPLEMENTATION
+
+
+PARAMETERS: pa_m TYPE i,
+            pa_n TYPE i.
+
+DATA: lv_result TYPE i.
+
+START-OF-SELECTION.
+  lv_result = zcl_ackermann=>ackermann( m = pa_m n = pa_n ).
+  WRITE: / lv_result.

Task/Ackermann-function/AWK/ackermann-function.awk

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+function ackermann(m, n)
+{
+  if ( m == 0 ) {
+    return n+1
+  }
+  if ( n == 0 ) {
+    return ackermann(m-1, 1)
+  }
+  return ackermann(m-1, ackermann(m, n-1))
+}
+
+BEGIN {
+  for(n=0; n < 7; n++) {
+    for(m=0; m < 4; m++) {
+      print "A(" m "," n ") = " ackermann(m,n)
+    }
+  }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/ActionScript/ackermann-function.as

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+public function ackermann(m:uint, n:uint):uint
+{
+    if (m == 0)
+    {
+        return n + 1;
+    }
+    if (n == 0)
+    {
+        return ackermann(m - 1, 1);
+    }		
+
+    return ackermann(m - 1, ackermann(m, n - 1));
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Ada/ackermann-function.ada

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+with Ada.Text_IO;  use Ada.Text_IO;
+
+procedure Test_Ackermann is
+   function Ackermann (M, N : Natural) return Natural is
+   begin
+      if M = 0 then
+         return N + 1;
+      elsif N = 0 then
+         return Ackermann (M - 1, 1);
+      else
+         return Ackermann (M - 1, Ackermann (M, N - 1));
+      end if;
+   end Ackermann;
+begin
+   for M in 0..3 loop
+      for N in 0..6 loop
+         Put (Natural'Image (Ackermann (M, N)));
+      end loop;
+      New_Line;
+   end loop;
+end Test_Ackermann;

Task/Ackermann-function/BASIC/ackermann-function.bas

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+DECLARE FUNCTION ack! (m!, n!)
+
+FUNCTION ack (m!, n!)
+       IF m = 0 THEN ack = n + 1
+
+       IF m > 0 AND n = 0 THEN
+               ack = ack(m - 1, 1)
+       END IF
+       IF m > 0 AND n > 0 THEN
+               ack = ack(m - 1, ack(m, n - 1))
+       END IF
+END FUNCTION

Task/Ackermann-function/Babel/ackermann-function.pb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+main:
+        {((0 0) (0 1) (0 2)
+        (0 3) (0 4) (1 0)
+        (1 1) (1 2) (1 3)
+        (1 4) (2 0) (2 1)
+        (2 2) (2 3) (3 0)
+        (3 1) (3 2) (4 0))
+
+        { dup
+        "A(" << { %d " " . << } ... ") = " <<
+    reverse give
+    ack
+    %d cr << } ... }
+
+ack!:
+    { dup zero?
+        { <-> dup zero?
+            { <->
+                cp
+                1 -
+                <- <- 1 - ->
+                ack ->
+                ack }
+            { <->
+                1 -
+                <- 1 ->
+                ack }
+        if }
+        { zap 1 + }
+    if }
+
+zero?!: { 0 = }
+
+Output:
+
+A(0 0 ) = 1
+A(0 1 ) = 2
+A(0 2 ) = 3
+A(0 3 ) = 4
+A(0 4 ) = 5
+A(1 0 ) = 2
+A(1 1 ) = 3
+A(1 2 ) = 4
+A(1 3 ) = 5
+A(1 4 ) = 6
+A(2 0 ) = 3
+A(2 1 ) = 5
+A(2 2 ) = 7
+A(2 3 ) = 9
+A(3 0 ) = 5
+A(3 1 ) = 13
+A(3 2 ) = 29
+A(4 0 ) = 13

Task/Ackermann-function/Befunge/ackermann-function.bf

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+r[1&&{0
+>v
+ j
+u>.@
+1>  \:v
+^  v:\_$1+
+\^v_$1\1-
+u^>1-0fp:1-\0fg101-

Task/Ackermann-function/C/ackermann-function-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int ackermann(int m, int n)
+{
+        if (!m) return n + 1;
+        if (!n) return ackermann(m - 1, 1);
+        return ackermann(m - 1, ackermann(m, n - 1));
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+        int m, n;
+        for (m = 0; m <= 4; m++)
+                for (n = 0; n < 6 - m; n++)
+                        printf("A(%d, %d) = %d\n", m, n, ackermann(m, n));
+
+        return 0;
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/C/ackermann-function-2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int m_bits, n_bits;
+int *cache;
+
+int ackermann(int m, int n)
+{
+        int idx, res;
+        if (!m) return n + 1;
+
+        if (n >= 1<<n_bits) {
+                printf("%d, %d\n", m, n);
+                idx = 0;
+        } else {
+                idx = (m << n_bits) + n;
+                if (cache[idx]) return cache[idx];
+        }
+
+        if (!n) res = ackermann(m - 1, 1);
+        else    res = ackermann(m - 1, ackermann(m, n - 1));
+
+        if (idx) cache[idx] = res;
+        return res;
+}
+int main()
+{
+        int m, n;
+
+        m_bits = 3;
+        n_bits = 20;  /* can save n values up to 2**20 - 1, that's 1 meg */
+        cache = malloc(sizeof(int) * (1 << (m_bits + n_bits)));
+        memset(cache, 0, sizeof(int) * (1 << (m_bits + n_bits)));
+
+        for (m = 0; m <= 4; m++)
+                for (n = 0; n < 6 - m; n++) {
+                        printf("A(%d, %d) = %d\n", m, n, ackermann(m, n));
+
+        return 0;
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Clojure/ackermann-function.clj

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(defn ackermann [m n]
+  (cond (zero? m) (inc n)
+        (zero? n) (ackermann (dec m) 1)
+        :else (ackermann (dec m) (ackermann m (dec n)))))

Task/Ackermann-function/CoffeeScript/ackermann-function.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ackermann = (m, n) ->
+  if m is 0 then n + 1
+  else if m > 0 and n is 0 then ackermann m - 1, 1
+  else ackermann m - 1, ackermann m, n - 1

Task/Ackermann-function/Dylan/ackermann-function.dylan

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+define method ack(m == 0, n :: <integer>)
+   n + 1
+end;
+define method ack(m :: <integer>, n :: <integer>)
+   ack(m - 1, if (n == 0) 1 else ack(m, n - 1) end)
+end;

Task/Ackermann-function/Eiffel/ackermann-function.e

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+note
+	description: "Example of Ackerman function"
+	URI: "http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ackermann_function"
+
+class
+	ACKERMAN_EXAMPLE
+
+create
+	make
+
+feature {NONE} -- Initialization
+
+	make
+		do
+			print ("%N A(0,0):" + ackerman (0, 0).out)
+			print ("%N A(1,0):" + ackerman (1, 0).out)
+			print ("%N A(0,1):" + ackerman (0, 1).out)
+			print ("%N A(1,1):" + ackerman (1, 1).out)
+			print ("%N A(2,0):" + ackerman (2, 0).out)
+			print ("%N A(2,1):" + ackerman (2, 1).out)
+			print ("%N A(2,2):" + ackerman (2, 2).out)
+			print ("%N A(0,2):" + ackerman (0, 2).out)
+			print ("%N A(1,2):" + ackerman (1, 2).out)
+			print ("%N A(3,3):" + ackerman (3, 3).out)
+			print ("%N A(3,4):" + ackerman (3, 4).out)
+		end
+
+feature -- Access
+
+	ackerman (m: NATURAL; n: NATURAL): NATURAL
+		do
+			if m = 0 then
+				Result := n + 1
+			elseif m > 0 and n = 0 then
+				Result := ackerman (m - 1, 1)
+			elseif m > 0 and n > 0 then
+				Result := ackerman (m - 1, ackerman (m, n - 1))
+			end
+		end
+		
+end

Task/Ackermann-function/Erlang/ackermann-function.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-module(main).
+-export([main/1]).
+
+main( [ A | [ B |[]]]) ->
+   io:fwrite("~p~n",[ack(toi(A),toi(B))]).
+
+toi(E) -> element(1,string:to_integer(E)).
+
+ack(0,N) -> N + 1;
+ack(M,0) -> ack(M-1, 1);
+ack(M,N) -> ack(M-1,ack(M,N-1)).

Task/Ackermann-function/Forth/ackermann-function-1.fth

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+: acker ( m n -- u )
+	over 0= IF  nip 1+ EXIT  THEN
+	swap 1- swap ( m-1 n -- )
+	dup  0= IF  1+  recurse EXIT  THEN
+	1- over 1+ swap recurse recurse ;

Task/Ackermann-function/Forth/ackermann-function-2.fth

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+: ackermann                            ( m n -- u )
+  over                                 ( case statement)
+  0 over = if drop nip 1+     else
+  1 over = if drop nip 2 +    else
+  2 over = if drop nip 2* 3 + else
+  3 over = if drop swap 5 + swap lshift 3 - else
+    drop swap 1- swap dup
+    if
+      1- over 1+ swap recurse recurse exit
+    else
+      1+ recurse exit                  \ allow tail recursion
+    then
+  then then then then
+;

Task/Ackermann-function/Fortran/ackermann-function.f

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+PROGRAM EXAMPLE
+  IMPLICIT NONE
+
+  INTEGER :: i, j
+
+  DO i = 0, 3
+    DO j = 0, 6
+       WRITE(*, "(I10)", ADVANCE="NO") Ackermann(i, j)
+    END DO
+    WRITE(*,*)
+  END DO
+
+CONTAINS
+
+  RECURSIVE FUNCTION Ackermann(m, n) RESULT(ack)
+    INTEGER :: ack, m, n
+
+    IF (m == 0) THEN
+      ack = n + 1
+    ELSE IF (n == 0) THEN
+      ack = Ackermann(m - 1, 1)
+    ELSE
+      ack = Ackermann(m - 1, Ackermann(m, n - 1))
+    END IF
+  END FUNCTION Ackermann
+
+END PROGRAM EXAMPLE

Task/Ackermann-function/Go/ackermann-function-1.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+func Ackermann(m, n uint) uint {
+  switch {
+    case m == 0:
+      return n + 1
+    case n == 0:
+      return Ackermann(m - 1, 1)
+  }
+  return Ackermann(m - 1, Ackermann(m, n - 1))
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Go/ackermann-function-2.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+func Ackermann2(m, n uint) uint {
+  switch {
+    case m == 0:
+      return n + 1
+    case m == 1:
+      return n + 2
+    case m == 2:
+      return 2*n + 3
+    case m == 3:
+      return 8 << n - 3
+    case n == 0:
+      return Ackermann2(m - 1, 1)
+  }
+  return Ackermann2(m - 1, Ackermann2(m, n - 1))
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Go/ackermann-function-3.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "math/big"
+    "unsafe"
+)
+
+var one = big.NewInt(1)
+var two = big.NewInt(2)
+var three = big.NewInt(3)
+var eight = big.NewInt(8)
+var u uint
+var uBits = int(unsafe.Sizeof(u))*8 - 1
+
+func Ackermann2(m, n *big.Int) *big.Int {
+    if m.Cmp(three) <= 0 {
+        switch m.Int64() {
+        case 0:
+            return new(big.Int).Add(n, one)
+        case 1:
+            return new(big.Int).Add(n, two)
+        case 2:
+            r := new(big.Int).Lsh(n, 1)
+            return r.Add(r, three)
+        case 3:
+            if n.BitLen() > uBits {
+                panic("way too big")
+            }
+            r := new(big.Int).Lsh(eight, uint(n.Int64()))
+            return r.Sub(r, three)
+        }
+    }
+    if n.BitLen() == 0 {
+        return Ackermann2(new(big.Int).Sub(m, one), one)
+    }
+    return Ackermann2(new(big.Int).Sub(m, one),
+        Ackermann2(m, new(big.Int).Sub(n, one)))
+}
+
+func main() {
+    show(0, 0)
+    show(1, 2)
+    show(2, 4)
+    show(3, 100)
+    show(4, 1)
+    show(4, 3)
+}
+
+func show(m, n int64) {
+    fmt.Printf("A(%d, %d) = ", m, n)
+    fmt.Println(Ackermann2(big.NewInt(m), big.NewInt(n)))
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Haskell/ackermann-function-1.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ack 0 n = n + 1
+ack m 0 = ack (m-1) 1
+ack m n = ack (m-1) (ack m (n-1))

Task/Ackermann-function/Haskell/ackermann-function-2.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- everything here are [Int] or [[Int]], which would overflow
+-- * had it not overrun the stack first *
+ackermann = iterate ack [1..] where
+	ack a = s where
+		s = a!!1 : f (tail a) (zipWith (-) s (1:s))
+	f a (b:bs) = (head aa) : f aa bs where
+		aa = drop b a
+
+main = mapM_ print $ map (\n -> take (6 - n) $ ackermann !! n) [0..5]

Task/Ackermann-function/Java/ackermann-function.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+public static BigInteger ack(BigInteger m, BigInteger n) {
+    return m.equals(BigInteger.ZERO)
+            ? n.add(BigInteger.ONE)
+            : ack(m.subtract(BigInteger.ONE),
+                        n.equals(BigInteger.ZERO) ? BigInteger.ONE : ack(m, n.subtract(BigInteger.ONE)));
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/JavaScript/ackermann-function.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+function ack(m, n)
+{
+ return m === 0 ? n + 1 : ack(m - 1, n === 0  ? 1 : ack(m, n - 1));
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Lua/ackermann-function.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+function ack(M,N)
+    if M == 0 then return N + 1 end
+    if N == 0 then return ack(M-1,1) end
+    return ack(M-1,ack(M, N-1))
+end

Task/Ackermann-function/PHP/ackermann-function.php

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function ackermann( $m , $n )
+{
+    if ( $m==0 )
+    {
+        return $n + 1;
+    }
+    elseif ( $n==0 )
+    {
+        return ackermann( $m-1 , 1 );
+    }
+    return ackermann( $m-1, ackermann( $m , $n-1 ) );
+}
+
+echo ackermann( 3, 4 );
+// prints 125

Task/Ackermann-function/Perl/ackermann-function-1.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+    my @memo;
+    sub A {
+        my( $m, $n ) = @_;
+        $memo[ $m ][ $n ] and return $memo[ $m ][ $n ];
+        $m or return $n + 1;
+        return $memo[ $m ][ $n ] = (
+            $n
+               ? A( $m - 1, A( $m, $n - 1 ) )
+               : A( $m - 1, 1 )
+        );
+    }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Perl/ackermann-function-2.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+sub A {
+    my ($m, $n) = @_;
+    if    ($m == 0) { $n + 1 }
+    elsif ($n == 0) { A($m - 1, 1) }
+    else            { A($m - 1, A($m, $n - 1)) }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Perl/ackermann-function-3.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+sub A {
+  my ($m, $n) = @_;
+  $m == 0 ? $n + 1 :
+  $n == 0 ? A($m - 1, 1) :
+            A($m - 1, A($m, $n - 1))
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/PicoLisp/ackermann-function.l

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(de ack (X Y)
+   (cond
+      ((=0 X) (inc Y))
+      ((=0 Y) (ack (dec X) 1))
+      (T (ack (dec X) (ack X (dec Y)))) ) )

Task/Ackermann-function/Prolog/ackermann-function.pro

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ack(0, N, Ans) :- Ans is N+1.
+ack(M, 0, Ans) :- M>0, X is M-1, ack(X, 1, Ans).
+ack(M, N, Ans) :- M>0, N>0, X is M-1, Y is N-1, ack(M, Y, Ans2), ack(X, Ans2, Ans).

Task/Ackermann-function/Python/ackermann-function-1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+def ack1(M, N):
+   return (N + 1) if M == 0 else (
+      ack1(M-1, 1) if N == 0 else ack1(M-1, ack1(M, N-1)))

Task/Ackermann-function/Python/ackermann-function-2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def ack2(M, N):
+    if M == 0:
+        return N + 1
+    elif N == 0:
+        return ack1(M - 1, 1)
+    else:
+        return ack1(M - 1, ack1(M, N - 1))

Task/Ackermann-function/Python/ackermann-function-3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+>>> import sys
+>>> sys.setrecursionlimit(3000)
+>>> ack1(0,0)
+1
+>>> ack1(3,4)
+125
+>>> ack2(0,0)
+1
+>>> ack2(3,4)
+125

Task/Ackermann-function/Python/ackermann-function-4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+def ack2(M, N):
+   return (N + 1)   if M == 0 else (
+          (N + 2)   if M == 1 else (
+          (2*N + 3) if M == 2 else (
+          (8*(2**N - 1) + 5) if M == 3 else (
+          ack2(M-1, 1) if N == 0 else ack2(M-1, ack2(M, N-1))))))

Task/Ackermann-function/R/ackermann-function-1.r

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ackermann <- function(m, n) {
+  if ( m == 0 ) {
+    n+1
+  } else if ( n == 0 ) {
+    ackermann(m-1, 1)
+  } else {
+    ackermann(m-1, ackermann(m, n-1))
+  }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/R/ackermann-function-2.r

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for ( i in 0:3 ) {
+  print(ackermann(i, 4))
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/REXX/ackermann-function-1.rexx

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*REXX program calculates/shows some values for the Ackermann function. */
+
+                     /*Note: the Ackermann function (as implemented) is */
+                     /*      higly recursive and is limited by the      */
+                     /*      biggest number that can have "1" added to  */
+                     /*      a number (successfully, accurately).       */
+high=24
+         do j=0 to 3;   say
+              do k=0 to high%(max(1,j))
+              call Ackermann_tell j,k
+              end   /*k*/
+         end        /*j*/
+exit                                   /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/
+/*──────────────────────────────────ACKERMANN_TELL subroutine───────────*/
+ackermann_tell: parse arg mm,nn;   calls=0    /*display an echo message.*/
+nnn=right(nn,length(high))
+say 'Ackermann('mm","nnn')='right(ackermann(mm,nn),high),
+                             left('',12) 'calls='right(calls,high)
+return
+/*──────────────────────────────────ACKERMANN subroutine────────────────*/
+ackermann: procedure expose calls      /*compute the Ackerman function. */
+parse arg m,n;      calls=calls+1
+if m==0 then return n+1
+if n==0 then return ackermann(m-1,1)
+             return ackermann(m-1,ackermann(m,n-1))

Task/Ackermann-function/REXX/ackermann-function-2.rexx

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*REXX program calculates/shows some values for the Ackermann function. */
+high=24
+         do j=0 to 3;   say
+              do k=0 to high%(max(1,j))
+              call Ackermann_tell j,k
+              end   /*k*/
+         end        /*j*/
+exit                                   /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/
+/*──────────────────────────────────ACKERMANN_TELL subroutine───────────*/
+ackermann_tell: parse arg mm,nn;   calls=0    /*display an echo message.*/
+nnn=right(nn,length(high))
+say 'Ackermann('mm","nnn')='right(ackermann(mm,nn),high),
+                             left('',12) 'calls='right(calls,10)
+return
+/*──────────────────────────────────ACKERMANN subroutine────────────────*/
+ackermann: procedure expose calls      /*compute the Ackerman function. */
+parse arg m,n;      calls=calls+1
+if m==0 then return n+1
+if n==0 then return ackermann(m-1,1)
+if m==2 then return n*2+3
+             return ackermann(m-1,ackermann(m,n-1))

Task/Ackermann-function/REXX/ackermann-function-3.rexx

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*REXX program calculates/shows some values for the Ackermann function. */
+high=24
+numeric digits 100        /*have REXX to use up to  100  digit integers.*/
+
+                          /*When REXX raises a number to a power  (via  */
+                          /*  the   **  operator), the power must be an */
+                          /*  integer  (positive,  zero,  or negative). */
+
+       do j=0 to 4;  say  /*Ackermann(5,1) is a bit impractical to calc.*/
+             do k=0 to high%(max(1,j))
+             call Ackermann_tell j,k
+             if j==4 & k==2 then leave    /*no sense in going overboard.*/
+             end   /*k*/
+       end         /*j*/
+exit                                   /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/
+/*──────────────────────────────────ACKERMANN_TELL subroutine───────────*/
+ackermann_tell: parse arg mm,nn;   calls=0    /*display an echo message.*/
+nnn=right(nn,length(high))
+say 'Ackermann('mm","nnn')='right(ackermann(mm,nn),high),
+                             left('',12) 'calls='right(calls,10)
+return
+/*──────────────────────────────────ACKERMANN subroutine────────────────*/
+ackermann: procedure expose calls      /*compute the Ackerman function. */
+parse arg m,n;      calls=calls+1
+if m==0 then return n+1
+if m==1 then return n+2
+if m==2 then return n+n+3
+if m==3 then return 2**(n+3)-3
+if m==4 then do;  a=2
+                         do (n+3)-1     /*ugh!*/
+                         a=2**a
+                         end
+             return a-3
+             end
+if n==0 then return ackermann(m-1,1)
+             return ackermann(m-1,ackermann(m,n-1))

Task/Ackermann-function/Racket/ackermann-function.rkt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#lang racket
+(define (ackermann m n)
+  (cond [(zero? m) (add1 n)]
+        [(and (> m 0) (zero? n))
+         (ackermann (sub1 m) 1)]
+        [(and (> m 0) (> n 0))
+         (ackermann (sub1 m) (ackermann m (sub1 n)))]))

Task/Ackermann-function/Ruby/ackermann-function-1.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+def ack(m, n)
+  if m == 0
+    n + 1
+  elsif n == 0
+    ack(m-1, 1)
+  else
+    ack(m-1, ack(m, n-1))
+  end
+end

Task/Ackermann-function/Ruby/ackermann-function-2.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(0..3).each do |m|
+  (0..6).each { |n| print ack(m, n), ' ' }
+  puts
+end

Task/Ackermann-function/SNUSP/ackermann-function.snusp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+   /==!/==atoi=@@@-@-----#
+   |   |                          Ackermann function
+   |   |       /=========\!==\!====\  recursion:
+$,@/>,@/==ack=!\?\<+#    |   |     |   A(0,j) -> j+1
+ j   i           \<?\+>-@/#  |     |   A(i,0) -> A(i-1,1)
+                    \@\>@\->@/@\<-@/#  A(i,j) -> A(i-1,A(i,j-1))
+                      |  |     |
+            #      #  |  |     |             /+<<<-\
+            /-<<+>>\!=/  \=====|==!/========?\>>>=?/<<#
+            ?      ?           |   \<<<+>+>>-/
+            \>>+<<-/!==========/
+            #      #

Task/Ackermann-function/Sather/ackermann-function-1.sa

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class MAIN is
+
+  ackermann(m, n:INT):INT
+    pre m >= 0 and n >= 0
+  is
+    if m = 0 then return n + 1; end;
+    if n = 0 then return ackermann(m-1, 1); end;
+    return ackermann(m-1, ackermann(m, n-1));
+  end;
+
+  main is
+    n, m :INT;
+    loop n := 0.upto!(6);
+      loop m := 0.upto!(3);
+        #OUT + "A(" + m + ", " + n + ") = " + ackermann(m, n) + "\n";
+      end;
+    end;
+  end;
+end;

Task/Ackermann-function/Sather/ackermann-function-2.sa

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class MAIN is
+
+  ackermann(m, n:INTI):INTI is
+    zero ::= 0.inti; -- to avoid type conversion each time
+    one  ::= 1.inti;
+    if m = zero then return n + one; end;
+    if n = zero then return ackermann(m-one, one); end;
+    return ackermann(m-one, ackermann(m, n-one));
+  end;
+
+  main is
+    n, m :INT;
+    loop n := 0.upto!(6);
+      loop m := 0.upto!(3);
+        #OUT + "A(" + m + ", " + n + ") = " + ackermann(m.inti, n.inti) + "\n";
+      end;
+    end;
+  end;
+end;

Task/Ackermann-function/Scala/ackermann-function-1.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+def ack(m: BigInt, n: BigInt): BigInt = {
+  if (m==0) n+1
+  else if (n==0) ack(m-1, 1)
+  else ack(m-1, ack(m, n-1))
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Scala/ackermann-function-2.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+scala> for ( m <- 0 to 3; n <- 0 to 6 ) yield ack(m,n)
+res0: Seq.Projection[BigInt] = RangeG(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 5, 13, 29, 61, 125, 253, 509)

Task/Ackermann-function/Scala/ackermann-function-3.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+val maxDepth = 4
+
+val ackMMap  = scala.collection.mutable.Map[BigInt, BigInt]()
+val ackNMaps = Array.fill(maxDepth + 1) { scala.collection.mutable.Map[BigInt, BigInt]() }
+
+def ack(m: Int, n: BigInt): BigInt = {
+    if ((m < 0) || (n < 0)) {
+        throw new Exception("Negative parameters are not allowed: ack(%s, %s)".format(m, n))
+    }
+    if (m > maxDepth) {
+        throw new Exception("First parameter is greater as %s: ack(%s, %s)".format(maxDepth, m, n))
+    }
+
+    val newM        = m - 1
+    val newN        = n - 1
+
+    if (m == 0) {
+        n + 1
+    } else if (n == 0) {
+        ackMMap.getOrElseUpdate(newM, ack(newM, 1))
+    } else {
+        val createStep   = 125
+        val index        = m
+        val mapCurrent   = ackNMaps(index)
+        val mapPrevious  = ackNMaps(index - 1)
+        val maxRecursion = 2 * createStep
+        val nrOfElements : BigInt = if (mapCurrent.isEmpty) 0 else mapCurrent.max._1
+
+        if ((nrOfElements + maxRecursion) < n) {
+            for (i <- nrOfElements + createStep to n by createStep) {
+                mapCurrent.getOrElseUpdate(i, ack(m, i))
+            }
+        }
+        mapCurrent.getOrElseUpdate(n, {
+            val ackVal = mapCurrent.getOrElseUpdate(newN, ack(m, newN))
+
+            mapPrevious.getOrElseUpdate(ackVal, ack(newM, ackVal))
+        })
+    }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Scala/ackermann-function-4.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+        if ((nrOfElements + maxRecursion) < n) {
+            for (i <- nrOfElements + createStep to n by createStep) {
+                mapCurrent.getOrElseUpdate(i, ack(m, i))
+            }
+        }

Task/Ackermann-function/Scheme/ackermann-function.ss

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(define (A m n)
+    (cond
+        ((= m 0) (+ n 1))
+        ((= n 0) (A (- m 1) 1))
+        (else (A (- m 1) (A m (- n 1))))))

Task/Ackermann-function/Smalltalk/ackermann-function.st

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+|ackermann|
+ackermann := [ :n :m |
+  (n = 0) ifTrue: [ (m + 1) ]
+          ifFalse: [
+           (m = 0) ifTrue: [ ackermann value: (n-1) value: 1 ]
+                   ifFalse: [
+                        ackermann value: (n-1)
+                                  value: ( ackermann value: n
+                                                     value: (m-1) )
+                   ]
+          ]
+].
+
+(ackermann value: 0 value: 0) displayNl.
+(ackermann value: 3 value: 4) displayNl.

Task/Ackermann-function/Tcl/ackermann-function-1.tcl

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+proc ack {m n} {
+    if {$m == 0} {
+        expr {$n + 1}
+    } elseif {$n == 0} {
+        ack [expr {$m - 1}] 1
+    } else {
+        ack [expr {$m - 1}] [ack $m [expr {$n - 1}]]
+    }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Tcl/ackermann-function-2.tcl

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+proc ack {m n} {
+    if {$m == 0} {
+        expr {$n + 1}
+    } elseif {$n == 0} {
+        tailcall ack [expr {$m - 1}] 1
+    } else {
+        tailcall ack [expr {$m - 1}] [ack $m [expr {$n - 1}]]
+    }
+}

Task/Ackermann-function/Tcl/ackermann-function-3.tcl

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package require Tcl 8.6
+
+# A memoization engine, from http://wiki.tcl.tk/18152
+oo::class create cache {
+    filter Memoize
+    variable ValueCache
+    method Memoize args {
+        # Do not filter the core method implementations
+        if {[lindex [self target] 0] eq "::oo::object"} {
+            return [next {*}$args]
+        }
+
+        # Check if the value is already in the cache
+        set key [self target],$args
+        if {[info exist ValueCache($key)]} {
+            return $ValueCache($key)
+        }
+
+        # Compute value, insert into cache, and return it
+        return [set ValueCache($key) [next {*}$args]]
+    }
+    method flushCache {} {
+        unset ValueCache
+        # Skip the cacheing
+        return -level 2 ""
+    }
+}
+
+# Make an object, attach the cache engine to it, and define ack as a method
+oo::object create cached
+oo::objdefine cached {
+    mixin cache
+    method ack {m n} {
+        if {$m==0} {
+            expr {$n+1}
+        } elseif {$m==1} {
+            # From the Mathematica version
+            expr {$m+2}
+        } elseif {$m==2} {
+            # From the Mathematica version
+            expr {2*$n+3}
+        } elseif {$m==3} {
+            # From the Mathematica version
+            expr {8*(2**$n-1)+5}
+        } elseif {$n==0} {
+            tailcall my ack [expr {$m-1}] 1
+        } else {
+            tailcall my ack [expr {$m-1}] [my ack $m [expr {$n-1}]]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# Some small tweaks...
+interp recursionlimit {} 100000
+interp alias {} ack {} cacheable ack