tasks a-s

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/0DESCRIPTION

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+If your system has a means to generate random numbers involving not only a software algorithm (like the [[wp:/dev/random|/dev/urandom]] devices in Unix), show how to obtain a random 32-bit number from that mechanism.

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/1META.yaml

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+---
+category:
+- Input Output

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Ada/random-number-generator--device-.ada

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+with Ada.Streams.Stream_IO;
+with Ada.Text_IO;
+procedure Random is
+   Number : Integer;
+   Random_File : Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.File_Type;
+begin
+   Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.Open (File => Random_File,
+                               Mode => Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.In_File,
+                               Name => "/dev/random");
+   Integer'Read (Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.Stream (Random_File), Number);
+   Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.Close (Random_File);
+   Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Number:" & Integer'Image (Number));
+end Random;

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/BBC-BASIC/random-number-generator--device-.bbc

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+      SYS "SystemFunction036", ^random%, 4
+      PRINT ~random%

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/C-sharp/random-number-generator--device-.cs

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+using System;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+
+private static int GetRandomInt()
+{
+  int result = 0;
+  var rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
+  var buffer = new byte[4];
+
+  rng.GetBytes(buffer);
+  result = BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0);
+
+  return result;
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/C/random-number-generator--device--1.c

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+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    uint32_t v;
+    FILE *r = fopen("/dev/urandom", "r");
+    if (r == NULL)
+    {
+	perror("/dev/urandom");
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    size_t br = fread(&v, sizeof v, 1, r);
+    if (br < 1)
+    {
+	fputs("/dev/urandom: Not enough bytes\n", stderr);
+	return 1;
+    }
+
+    printf("%" PRIu32 "\n", v);
+    fclose(r);
+    return 0;
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/C/random-number-generator--device--2.c

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+#include <inttypes.h>	/* PRIu32 */
+#include <stdlib.h>	/* arc4random */
+#include <stdio.h>	/* printf */
+
+int
+main()
+{
+	printf("%" PRIu32 "\n", arc4random());
+	return 0;
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/C/random-number-generator--device--3.c

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+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+
+int
+main()
+{
+	uint32_t v;
+
+	if (RAND_bytes((unsigned char *)&v, sizeof v) == 0) {
+		ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	printf("%" PRIu32 "\n", v);
+	return 0;
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/C/random-number-generator--device--4.c

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+#include <stdio.h>	/* printf */
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <wincrypt.h>	/* CryptAcquireContext, CryptGenRandom */
+
+int
+main()
+{
+	HCRYPTPROV p;
+	ULONG i;
+
+	if (CryptAcquireContext(&p, NULL, NULL,
+	    PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT) == FALSE) {
+		fputs("CryptAcquireContext failed.\n", stderr);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (CryptGenRandom(p, sizeof i, (BYTE *)&i) == FALSE) {
+		fputs("CryptGenRandom failed.\n", stderr);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	printf("%lu\n", i);
+	CryptReleaseContext(p, 0);
+	return 0;
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Forth/random-number-generator--device-.fth

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+variable rnd
+
+: randoms ( n -- )
+  s" /dev/random" r/o open-file throw
+  swap 0 do
+    dup rnd 1 cells rot read-file throw drop
+    rnd @ .
+  loop
+  close-file throw ;

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Go/random-number-generator--device-.go

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+package main
+
+import (
+    "crypto/rand"
+    "encoding/binary"
+    "fmt"
+    "io"
+    "os"
+)
+
+func main() {
+    testRandom("crypto/rand", rand.Reader)
+    testRandom("dev/random", newDevRandom())
+}
+
+func newDevRandom() (f *os.File) {
+    var err error
+    if f, err = os.Open("/dev/random"); err != nil {
+        panic(err)
+    }
+    return
+}
+
+func testRandom(label string, src io.Reader) {
+    fmt.Printf("%s:\n", label)
+    var r int32
+    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+        if err := binary.Read(src, binary.LittleEndian, &r); err != nil {
+            panic(err)
+        }
+        fmt.Print(r, " ")
+    }
+    fmt.Println()
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Groovy/random-number-generator--device--1.groovy

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+def rng = new java.security.SecureRandom()

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Groovy/random-number-generator--device--2.groovy

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+(0..4).each { println rng.nextInt() }

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Haskell/random-number-generator--device-.hs

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+#!/usr/bin/runhaskell
+
+import System.Entropy
+import Data.Binary.Get
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as B
+
+main = do
+  bytes <- getEntropy 4
+  print (runGet getWord32be $ B.fromChunks [bytes])

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/J/random-number-generator--device--1.j

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+256#.a.i.1!:11'/dev/urandom';0 4

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/J/random-number-generator--device--2.j

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+256#.a.i.4{.host'dd if=/dev/urandom bs=4 count=1'

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Java/random-number-generator--device-.java

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+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+
+public class RandomExample {
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		SecureRandom rng = new SecureRandom();
+
+		/* Prints a random signed 32-bit integer. */
+		System.out.println(rng.nextInt());
+	}
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/NetRexx/random-number-generator--device-.netrexx

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+/* NetRexx */
+options replace format comments java crossref savelog symbols binary
+
+import java.math.BigInteger
+
+randomDevNameFile = File
+randomDevNameList = ['/dev/random', '/dev/urandom'] -- list of random data source devices
+randomDevIStream = InputStream
+do
+  loop dn = 0 to randomDevNameList.length - 1
+    randomDevNameFile = File(randomDevNameList[dn])
+    if randomDevNameFile.exists() then leave dn -- We're done! Use this device
+    randomDevNameFile = null -- ensure we don't use a non-existant device
+    end dn
+  if randomDevNameFile == null then signal FileNotFoundException('Cannot locate a random data source device on this system')
+
+  -- read 8 bytes from the random data source device, convert it into a BigInteger then display the result
+  randomBytes = byte[8]
+  randomDevIStream = BufferedInputStream(FileInputStream(randomDevNameFile))
+  randomDevIStream.read(randomBytes, 0, randomBytes.length)
+  randomDevIStream.close()
+  randomNum = BigInteger(randomBytes)
+  say Rexx(randomNum.longValue()).right(24) '0x'Rexx(Long.toHexString(randomNum.longValue())).right(16, 0)
+catch ex = IOException
+  ex.printStackTrace()
+end
+return
+
+/*
+To run the program in a loop 10 times from a bash shell prompt use:
+for ((i=0; i<10; ++i)); do java <program_name>; done # Shell loop to run the command 10 times
+*/

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/OCaml/random-number-generator--device--1.ocaml

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+let input_rand_int ic =
+  let i1 = int_of_char (input_char ic)
+  and i2 = int_of_char (input_char ic)
+  and i3 = int_of_char (input_char ic)
+  and i4 = int_of_char (input_char ic) in
+  i1 lor (i2 lsl 8) lor (i3 lsl 16) lor (i4 lsl 24)
+
+let () =
+  let ic = open_in "/dev/urandom" in
+  let ri31 = input_rand_int ic in
+  close_in ic;
+  Printf.printf "%d\n" ri31;
+;;

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/OCaml/random-number-generator--device--2.ocaml

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+let input_rand_int32 ic =
+  let i1 = Int32.of_int (int_of_char (input_char ic))
+  and i2 = Int32.of_int (int_of_char (input_char ic))
+  and i3 = Int32.of_int (int_of_char (input_char ic))
+  and i4 = Int32.of_int (int_of_char (input_char ic)) in
+  let i2 = Int32.shift_left i2 8
+  and i3 = Int32.shift_left i3 16
+  and i4 = Int32.shift_left i4 24 in
+  Int32.logor i1 (Int32.logor i2 (Int32.logor i3 i4))
+
+let () =
+  let ic = open_in "/dev/urandom" in
+  let ri32 = input_rand_int32 ic in
+  close_in ic;
+  Printf.printf "%ld\n" ri32;
+;;

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Pascal/random-number-generator--device-.pascal

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+program RandomNumberDevice;
+var
+  byteFile: file of byte;
+  randomByte: byte;
+begin
+  assign(byteFile, '/dev/urandom');
+  reset (byteFile);
+  read  (byteFile, randomByte);
+  close (byteFile);
+  writeln('The random byte is: ', randomByte);
+end.

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Perl-6/random-number-generator--device-.pl6

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+my $UR = open("/dev/urandom", :bin) or die "Can't open /dev/urandom: $!";
+my @random-spigot := gather loop { take $UR.read(1024).unpack("L*") }
+
+.say for @random-spigot[^10];

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Perl/random-number-generator--device-.pl

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+sub read_random {
+        my $device = '/dev/urandom';
+        open my $in, "<:raw", $device   # :raw because it's not unicode string
+                or die "Can't open $device: $!";
+
+        sysread $in, my $rand, 4 * shift;
+        unpack('L*', $rand);
+}
+
+print "$_\n" for read_random(10);

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/PicoLisp/random-number-generator--device-.l

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+: (in "/dev/urandom" (rd 4))
+-> 2917110327

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/ProDOS/random-number-generator--device-.dos

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+printline -random-

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/PureBasic/random-number-generator--device-.purebasic

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+If OpenCryptRandom()
+  MyRandom = CryptRandom(#MAXLONG)
+  CloseCryptRandom()
+EndIf

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Python/random-number-generator--device-.py

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+import random
+rand = random.SystemRandom()
+rand.randint(1,10)

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/REXX/random-number-generator--device-.rexx

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+/*REXX program generates a random  32-bit  number using the  RANDOM bif.*/
+/*───────── The  32-bit  random number is unsigned and constructed from */
+/*───────── two smaller 16-bit  numbers,  and it's expressed in decimal.*/
+/*───────── Note: the REXX  random  bif  has a maximum range of 100,000.*/
+
+numeric digits 10                      /*ensure REXX has enough room.   */
+_=2**16                                /*a handy-dandy constant to have.*/
+
+say random(0,_-1)*_+random(0,_-1)      /*gen an unsigned 32-bit random #*/

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Ruby/random-number-generator--device-.rb

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+require 'securerandom'
+SecureRandom.random_number(1 << 32)

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Tcl/random-number-generator--device--1.tcl

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+package require Tcl 8.5
+
+# Allow override of device name
+proc systemRandomInteger {{device "/dev/random"}} {
+    set f [open $device "rb"]
+    binary scan [read $f 4] "I" x
+    close $f
+    return $x
+}

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/Tcl/random-number-generator--device--2.tcl

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+% puts [systemRandomInteger]
+636131349

Task/Random-number-generator--device-/XPL0/random-number-generator--device-.xpl0

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+code Ran=1;
+int R;
+R:= Ran($7FFF_FFFF)