Data commit

Task/Special-characters/00-META.yaml

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+---
+from: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Special_characters
+note: Basic language learning

Task/Special-characters/00-TASK.txt

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+Special characters are symbols (single characters or sequences of characters) that have a "special" built-in meaning in the language and typically cannot be used in identifiers. 
+
+Escape sequences are methods that the language uses to remove the special meaning from the symbol, enabling it to be used as a normal character, or sequence of characters when this can be done.
+
+
+;Task:
+List the special characters and show escape sequences in the language.
+
+
+{{Template:Strings}}
+<br><br>
+

Task/Special-characters/6502-Assembly/special-characters.6502

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+LDA #''' ;is likely to confuse the assembler, and is just hard to read.
+LDA #$27 ;gets the same result and isn't ambiguous.

Task/Special-characters/68000-Assembly/special-characters-1.68000

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+MOVE.B #''',D0 ;is likely to cause a parsing error when assembling.
+MOVE.B #$27,D0 ;same result but works every time.

Task/Special-characters/68000-Assembly/special-characters-2.68000

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+ascii_apostrophe equ $27
+MOVE.B #ascii_apostrophe,D0

Task/Special-characters/ALGOL-68/special-characters-1.alg

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+printf(($"flip:"g"!"l$,flip));
+printf(($"flop:"g"!"l$,flop));
+printf(($"blank:"g"!"l$,blank));
+printf(($"error char:"g"!"l$,error char));
+printf(($"null character:"g"!"l$,null character))

Task/Special-characters/ALGOL-68/special-characters-2.alg

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+print(("new page:",new page));
+print(("new line:",new line));
+print(("space:",space));
+print(("backspace:",backspace))

Task/Special-characters/Ada/special-characters-1.ada

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+with Ada.Text_IO;  use Ada.Text_IO;
+
+procedure Test is
+begin
+   Put ("Quote """ & ''' & """" & Character'Val (10));
+end Test;

Task/Special-characters/Ada/special-characters-2.ada

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+with Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO;  use Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO;
+
+procedure Test is
+begin
+   Put ("Unicode """ & ''' & """" & Wide_Wide_Character'Val (10));
+end Test;

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-1.cpp

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+std::cout << "Tür\n";
+std::cout << "T\u00FC\n";

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-2.cpp

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+extern int Tür; // if the compiler allows literal ü
+extern int T\u00FCr; // should in theory work everywhere

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-3.cpp

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+int const\
+ant; // defines a variable of type int named constant, not a variable of type int const named ant

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-4.cpp

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+char const str = "a string literal";
+char c = 'x'; // a character literal

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-5.cpp

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+#include <iostream>

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-6.cpp

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+#define STR(x) #x
+int main()
+{
+  std::cout << STR(Hello world) << std::endl; // STR(Hello world) expands to "Hello world"
+}

Task/Special-characters/C++/special-characters-7.cpp

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+#define THE(x) the_ ## x
+int THE(answer) = 42; // THE(answer) expands to the_answer

Task/Special-characters/E/special-characters.e

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+? println(`1 + 1$\n= ${1 + 1}`)
+1 + 1
+= 2

Task/Special-characters/Forth/special-characters-1.fth

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+  10   \ single cell number
+  -10  \ negative single cell number
+  10.  \ double cell number
+  10e  \ floating-point number

Task/Special-characters/Forth/special-characters-2.fth

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+  #10  \ decimal
+  $10  \ hex
+  %10  \ binary

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-1.hs

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+-- comment here until end of line
+{- comment here -}

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-2.hs

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+! # $ % & * + - . / < = > ? @ \ ^ | - ~ :
+: as first character denotes constructor

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-3.hs

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+.. : :: = \ | <- -> @ ~ => _

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-4.hs

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+`identifier` (to use as infix operator)

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-5.hs

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+'.'
+\ escapes

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-6.hs

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+"..."
+\ escapes

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-7.hs

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+\a alert
+\b backspace
+\f form feed
+\n new line
+\r carriage return
+\t horizontal tab
+\v vertical tab

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-8.hs

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+( )   (grouping)
+( , ) (tuple type/tuple constructor)
+{ ; } (grouping inside let, where, do, case without layout)
+[ , ] (list type/list constructor)
+[ | ] (list comprehension)

Task/Special-characters/Haskell/special-characters-9.hs

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+Upper case (identifiers)
+Lower case (identifiers)
+Digits (numbers)
+Symbol/punctuation (operators)

Task/Special-characters/J/special-characters-1.j

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+   ''      NB. empty string
+
+   ''''    NB. one quote character
+'
+   ''''''  NB. two quote characters
+''

Task/Special-characters/J/special-characters-2.j

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+   'For example, this is a character literal'

Task/Special-characters/J/special-characters-3.j

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+   1
+   1 0 1 0 1 0 1
+   _3.14159e6

Task/Special-characters/J/special-characters-4.j

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+   3l1t3
+|ill-formed number

Task/Special-characters/J/special-characters-5.j

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+   example=: ARGV NB. example and ARGV are user definable words

Task/Special-characters/J/special-characters-6.j

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+  +/ .*  NB. + / . and * are all meaningful tokens in J

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-1.java

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+& | ^ ~ //bitwise AND, OR, XOR, and NOT
+>> << //bitwise arithmetic shift
+>>> //bitwise logical shift
++ - * / = % //+ can be used for String concatenation)

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-2.java

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+x = x + 2 is the same as x += 2
+++ -- //increment and decrement--before a variable for pre (++x), after for post(x++)
+== < > != <= >= //comparison

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-3.java

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+! //NOT
+&& || //short-circuit AND, OR
+^ & | //long-circuit XOR, AND, OR

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-4.java

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+{ } //scope
+( ) //for functions
+; //statement terminator
+[ ] //array index
+" //string literal
+' //character literal
+? : //ternary operator
+// //comment prefix         (can be escaped by \u unicode escape sequence see below)
+/* */ //comment enclosures  (can be escaped by \u unicode escape sequence see below)

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-5.java

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+\b     //Backspace
+\n     //Line Feed
+\r     //Carriage Return
+\f     //Form Feed
+\t     //Tab
+\0     //Null) Note. This is actually a OCTAL escape but handy nonetheless
+\'     //Single Quote
+\"     //Double Quote
+\\     //Backslash
+\DDD   //Octal Escape Sequence, D is a number between 0 and 7; can only express characters from 0 to 255 (i.e. \0 to \377)

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-6.java

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+\uHHHH //Unicode Escape Sequence, H is any hexadecimal digit between 0 and 9 and between A and F

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-7.java

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+// hello \u000A this looks like a comment

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-8.java

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+"hello \u0022 is this a string?"

Task/Special-characters/Java/special-characters-9.java

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+/*
+ * c:\unix\home\
+ */

Task/Special-characters/Jq/special-characters.jq

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+^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$

Task/Special-characters/LaTeX/special-characters.tex

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+\documentclass{minimal}
+\begin{document}
+5\% of \$10
+\end{document}

Task/Special-characters/Lasso/special-characters.lasso

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+#	defined local ie. #mylocal will fail if not defined
+$	defined variable ie. $myvar will fail if not defined
+=	assignment
+:=	assign as return assigned value
+?	ternary conditional true ? this
+|	ternary else false ? this | that
+||	or
+&&	and
+!	negative operator
+{	open capture
+}	close capture
+=>	specify givenblock / capture
+->	invoke method: mytype->mymethod
+&  	retarget: mytype->mymethod&  // returns mytype
+^	autocollect from capture: {^ 'this will be outputted' ^}
+::	tag prefix, ie. ::mytype->gettype // returns myype
+::	type constraint, ie. define mymethod(p::integer) => #i * 2
+\	escape method: ie. \mymethod->invoke(2)
+// comment
+/* open comment
+*/ close comment

Task/Special-characters/Lingo/special-characters.lingo

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+str = "Hello " & QUOTE & "world!" & QUOTE
+put str
+-- "Hello "world!""

Task/Special-characters/MIPS-Assembly/special-characters-1.mips

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+VRAMBASE equ 0xA1000008
+VRAMSIZE equ 0x12C00
+SCREENWIDTH equ 320
+
+la $t0,VRAMBASE+SCREENWIDTH  ;skip the first row of pixels
+li $t1,VRAMSIZE/2            ;we're going to fill half the screen

Task/Special-characters/MIPS-Assembly/special-characters-2.mips

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+ li $t0,0x27 ;trying to use li $t0,''' may confuse the assembler.
+
+MyString:
+.byte "Hello World",13,10,0 ;13 = carriage return, 10 = linefeed, 0 = null terminator
+.align 4

Task/Special-characters/Mathematica/special-characters.math

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+Markup :
+()   Sequence
+{}   List
+"    String
+\    Escape for following character
+(* *) Comment block
+base^^number`s
+`    Context
+[[]] Indexed reference
+
+Within expression:
+\        At end of line: Continue on next line, skipping white space

Task/Special-characters/Nim/special-characters-1.nim

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+var f = open(r"C:\texts\text.txt") # a raw string, so ``\t`` is no tab

Task/Special-characters/Nim/special-characters-2.nim

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+r"a""b"

Task/Special-characters/Nim/special-characters-3.nim

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+a"b

Task/Special-characters/Objeck/special-characters-1.objeck

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+\b     //Backspace
+\n     //Line Feed
+\r     //Carriage Return
+\t     //Tab
+\0     //Null
+\'     //Single Quote
+\"     //Double Q

Task/Special-characters/Objeck/special-characters-2.objeck

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+\uHHHH //Unicode Escape Sequence, H is any hexadecimal digit between 0 and 9 and between A and F

Task/Special-characters/Ol/special-characters-1.ol

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+(print #\|) (print #\#)
+; ==> 124
+; ==> 35

Task/Special-characters/Ol/special-characters-2.ol

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+(define |I'm the ,`stra[]ge symbol :))| 123)
+
+(print (put #empty '|I'm the ,`stra[]ge symbol :))| 444))
+; ==> #ff((|I'm the ,`stra[]ge symbol :))| . 444))
+
+(print (+ |I'm the ,`stra[]ge symbol :))| 17))
+; ==> 140

Task/Special-characters/PARI-GP/special-characters-1.parigp

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+is square(9)

Task/Special-characters/PARI-GP/special-characters-2.parigp

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+issquare(9)

Task/Special-characters/PARI-GP/special-characters-3.parigp

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+iss qua re(9)

Task/Special-characters/PL-I/special-characters.pli

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+'John''s pen' which is stored as <<John's pen>>
+"He said ""Go!"" and opened the door" which is stored as <<He said "Go!" and opened the door>>

Task/Special-characters/PureBasic/special-characters.basic

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+a=1             ; The ';' indicates that a comment starts
+b=2*a:  a=b*33  ; b will now be 2, and a=66

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-1.rexx

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+  if a¬==b      then say 'not equal'
+  if a ¬== b    then say 'not equal'
+  if a ¬ = = b  then say 'not equal'
+  if a ¬ ,
+         = = b  then say 'not equal'

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-10.rexx

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+  jjj = "Quote the Raven, ""Nevermore"""

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-11.rexx

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+  lf = '000001010'b                                      /* (ASCII)       */
+  cr = "1101"B                                           /* (ASCII)       */
+  greeting = '100100001100101011011000110110001101111'b  /* (ASCII) Hello */

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-12.rexx

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+  lf = '0A'x                  /* (ASCII)       */
+  lf = 'a'x                   /*same as above. */
+  lf = "a"X                   /*same as above. */
+  cr = '0D'x                  /* (ASCII)       */
+  greeting = '48656C6C6F'x    /* (ASCII) Hello */

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-13.rexx

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+something=12 -- an assignment, what else

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-14.rexx

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+something=--12

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-15.rexx

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+x='--12 ++12 -12.000 +12 12 12. 012 0012 0012.00 1.2E1 1.2e+1 --12e-00 120e-1 ++12 ++12. 0--12 00--12 --12'
+  do j=1 for words(x)
+  interpret 'something=' word(x,j)
+  say 'j=' j  '   x=' x   '   something='something
+  end

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-16.rexx

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+say 'enter an expression:'
+parse pull x
+interpret 'expression=' x
+say 'expression=' expression

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-17.rexx

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+  x=5;  y=6;z=y**2;    say x y z

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-18.rexx

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+  say 'The sum of the first three numbers in the file "INSTANCE.INPUTS" is',
+ a b c ' and the total of all three is' grandTotal

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-19.rexx

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+  say 'The sums of the first three numbers in the file "INSTANCE.INPUTS" is',  /*tell sums.*/
+ a b c ' and the total of all three is' grandTotal

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-2.rexx

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+If a/=b Then Say 'a is not equal to b'

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-20.rexx

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+  secondChar = substr(xxx, 2, 1)
+  thirdChar  = substr(xxx,3,1)
+  pruned     = strip(zebra, 'Trailing', ".")      /*remove trailing period(s).*/

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-3.rexx

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+  y = (a+b)/(c-d)
+  z = ((y-2)/(y+2)) / ((a**2 * b**2)* abs(j))
+  p = 2**(2**3)

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-4.rexx

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+  tn = time()
+  tc = time('C')
+   x = strip(y,,'+')

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-5.rexx

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+  a = 'ready, set, go!'

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-6.rexx

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+  a = "ready, set, go!"

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-7.rexx

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+  nuttin =''
+  nothing=""

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-8.rexx

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+  yyy = 'John''s pen'

Task/Special-characters/REXX/special-characters-9.rexx

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+  yyy = "John's pen"

Task/Special-characters/Scala/special-characters.scala

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+val n = 1 + 2

Task/Special-characters/Tcl/special-characters.tcl

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+{...}     ;# group in one word, without substituting content; nests
+"..."     ;# group in one word, with substituting content
+[...]     ;# evaluate content as script, then substitute with its result; nests
+$foo      ;# substitute with content of variable foo
+$bar(foo) ;# substitute with content of element 'foo' of array 'bar'
+\a        ;# audible alert (bell)
+\b        ;# backspace
+\f        ;# form feed
+\n        ;# newline
+\r        ;# carriage return
+\t        ;# Tab
+\v        ;# vertical tab
+\\        ;# backslash
+\ooo      ;# the Unicode with octal value 'ooo'
+\xhh      ;# the character with hexadecimal value 'hh'
+\uhhhh    ;# the Unicode with hexadecimal value 'hhhh'
+#         ;# if first character of a word expected to be a command, begin comment
+          ;# (extends till end of line)
+{*}       ;# if first characters of a word, interpret as list of words to substitute,
+          ;# not single word (introduced with Tcl 8.5)

Task/Special-characters/V-(Vlang)/special-characters.v

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+// escape codes
+windows_newline := '\r\n'      // escape special characters like in C
+assert windows_newline.len == 2
+
+// arbitrary bytes can be directly specified using `\x##`
+// a hex digit aardvark_str := '\x61ardvark' assert aardvark_str == 'aardvark'
+assert '\xc0'[0] == u8(0xc0)
+
+// or using octal escape `\###` notation where `#` is an octal digit
+aardvark_str2 := '\141ardvark'
+assert aardvark_str2 == 'aardvark'
+
+// Unicode can be specified directly as `\u####` where # is a hex digit
+// and will be converted internally to its UTF-8 representation
+star_str := '\u2605' // ★
+assert star_str == '★'
+assert star_str == '\xe2\x98\x85' // UTF-8 can be specified this way too.