Data commit

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/00-META.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+category:
+- String manipulation
+from: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/00-TASK.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. 
+
+The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results:
+
+* String with first character removed
+* String with last character removed
+* String with both the first and last characters removed
+
+<br>
+If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. 
+
+The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. 
+
+Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters.
+
+
+{{Template:Strings}}
+<br><br>
+

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/11l/substring-top-and-tail.11l

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+print(‘knight’[1..])
+print(‘socks’[0 .< (len)-1])
+print(‘brooms’[1 .< (len)-1])

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/360-Assembly/substring-top-and-tail.360

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+*        Substring/Top and tail    04/03/2017
+SUBSTRTT CSECT
+         USING  SUBSTRTT,R13       base register
+         B      72(R15)            skip savearea
+         DC     17F'0'             savearea
+         STM    R14,R12,12(R13)    save previous context
+         ST     R13,4(R15)         link backward
+         ST     R15,8(R13)         link forward
+         LR     R13,R15            set addressability
+*
+         XPRNT  S8,L'S8            print s8
+         MVC    S7,S8+1            s7=substr(s8,2,7)
+         XPRNT  S7,L'S7            print s7
+         MVC    S7,S8              s7=substr(s8,1,7)
+         XPRNT  S7,L'S7            print s7
+         MVC    S6,S8+1            s6=substr(s8,2,6)
+         XPRNT  S6,L'S6            print s6
+*
+         L      R13,4(0,R13)       epilog
+         LM     R14,R12,12(R13)    restore previous context
+         XR     R15,R15            rc=0
+         BR     R14                exit
+S8       DC     CL8'12345678'
+S7       DS     CL7
+S6       DS     CL6
+         YREGS
+         END    SUBSTRTT

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/ACL2/substring-top-and-tail.acl2

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+(defun str-rest (str)
+   (coerce (rest (coerce str 'list)) 'string))
+
+(defun rdc (xs)
+   (if (endp (rest xs))
+       nil
+       (cons (first xs)
+             (rdc (rest xs)))))
+
+(defun str-rdc (str)
+   (coerce (rdc (coerce str 'list)) 'string))
+
+(str-rdc "string")
+(str-rest "string")
+(str-rest (str-rdc "string"))

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/ALGOL-68/substring-top-and-tail.alg

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/a68g --script #
+
+STRING str="upraisers";
+printf(($gl$,
+  str,                      # remove no characters #
+  str[LWB str+1:         ], # remove the first character #
+  str[         :UPB str-1], # remove the last character #
+  str[LWB str+1:UPB str-1], # remove both the first and last character #
+  str[LWB str+2:         ], # remove the first 2 characters #
+  str[         :UPB str-2], # remove the last 2 characters #
+  str[LWB str+1:UPB str-2], # remove 1 before and 2 after #
+  str[LWB str+2:UPB str-1], # remove 2 before and one after #
+  str[LWB str+2:UPB str-2]  # remove both the first and last 2 characters #
+))

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/AWK/substring-top-and-tail.awk

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+BEGIN {
+  mystring="knights"
+  print substr(mystring,2)                       # remove the first letter
+  print substr(mystring,1,length(mystring)-1)    # remove the last character
+  print substr(mystring,2,length(mystring)-2)    # remove both the first and last character
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Action-/substring-top-and-tail.action

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+PROC Main()
+  CHAR ARRAY text="qwertyuiop"
+  CHAR ARRAY res(20)
+  BYTE n,m
+
+  PrintF("Original string:%E  ""%S""%E%E",text)
+
+  SCopyS(res,text,2,text(0))
+  PrintF("String without the top:%E  ""%S""%E%E",res)
+
+  SCopyS(res,text,1,text(0)-1)
+  PrintF("String without the tail:%E  ""%S""%E%E",res)
+
+  SCopyS(res,text,2,text(0)-1)
+  PrintF("String without the top and the tail:%E  ""%S""%E%E",res)
+RETURN

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Ada/substring-top-and-tail-1.ada

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+with Ada.Text_IO;
+
+procedure Remove_Characters is
+   S: String := "upraisers";
+   use Ada.Text_IO;
+begin
+   Put_Line("Full String:   """ & S & """");
+   Put_Line("Without_First: """ & S(S'First+1 .. S'Last) & """");
+   Put_Line("Without_Last:  """ & S(S'First   .. S'Last-1) & """");
+   Put_Line("Without_Both:  """ & S(S'First+1 .. S'Last-1) & """");
+end Remove_Characters;

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Ada/substring-top-and-tail-2.ada

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+with Ada.Text_IO;
+with Ada.Strings.UTF_Encoding.Wide_Strings;
+
+procedure Remove_Characters
+is
+   use Ada.Text_IO;
+   use Ada.Strings.UTF_Encoding;
+   use Ada.Strings.UTF_Encoding.Wide_Strings;
+
+   S : String := "upraisers";
+   U : Wide_String := Decode (UTF_8_String'(S));
+
+   function To_String (X : Wide_String)return String
+   is
+   begin
+      return String (UTF_8_String'(Encode (X)));
+   end To_String;
+
+begin
+   Put_Line
+     (To_String
+        ("Full String:   """ & U & """"));
+   Put_Line
+     (To_String
+        ("Without_First: """ & U (U'First + 1 .. U'Last) & """"));
+   Put_Line
+     (To_String
+        ("Without_Last:  """ & U (U'First   .. U'Last - 1) & """"));
+   Put_Line
+     (To_String
+        ("Without_Both:  """ & U (U'First + 1 .. U'Last - 1) & """"));
+
+end Remove_Characters;

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Aime/substring-top-and-tail.aime

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+o_text(delete("knights", 0));
+o_newline();
+o_text(delete("knights", -1));
+o_newline();
+o_text(delete(delete("knights", 0), -1));
+o_newline();

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Amazing-Hopper/substring-top-and-tail.hopper

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <hopper.h>
+#proto showmessage(_X_)
+main:
+  s="message", t=s
+  ++s, _show message(s)
+  s=t
+  --s, _show message(s)
+  ++s, _show message(s)
+{0}return
+
+.locals
+showmessage(_S_)
+  {_S_,"\n"}print
+back

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Apex/substring-top-and-tail.apex

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+String strOrig = 'brooms';
+String str1 = strOrig.substring(1, strOrig.length());
+system.debug(str1);
+String str2 = strOrig.substring(0, strOrig.length()-1);
+system.debug(str2);
+String str3 = strOrig.substring(1, strOrig.length()-1);
+system.debug(str3);
+
+// Regular Expressions approach
+String strOrig = 'brooms';
+String str1 = strOrig.replaceAll( '^.', '' );
+system.debug(str1);
+String str2 = strOrig.replaceAll( '.$', '' ) ;
+system.debug(str2);
+String str3 = strOrig.replaceAll( '^.|.$', '' );
+system.debug(str3);

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/AppleScript/substring-top-and-tail.applescript

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+set aString to "This is some text"
+
+set stringLength to (count aString) -- The number of characters in the text.
+
+-- AppleScript indices are 1-based. Ranges can be specified in several different ways.
+if (stringLength > 1) then
+    set substring1 to text 2 thru stringLength of aString
+    -- set substring1 to text 2 thru -1 of aString
+    -- set substring1 to text 2 thru end of aString
+    -- set substring1 to text from character 2 to character stringLength of aString
+    -- set substring1 to aString's text from 2 to -1
+    -- Some combination of the above.
+else
+    set substring1 to ""
+end if
+
+if (stringLength > 1) then
+    set substring2 to text 1 thru -2 of aString
+else
+    set substring2 to ""
+end if
+
+if (stringLength > 2) then
+    set substring3 to text 2 thru -2 of aString
+else
+    set substring3 to ""
+end if
+
+return substring1 & linefeed & substring2 & linefeed & substring3

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Applesoft-BASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+10 s$ = "Rosetta Code"
+20 PRINT s$
+30 PRINT MID$(s$,2)
+40 PRINT LEFT$(s$,LEN(s$)-1)
+50 PRINT MID$(s$,2,LEN(s$)-2)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Arturo/substring-top-and-tail.arturo

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+knight: "knight"
+socks: "socks"
+brooms: "brooms"
+
+print drop knight 1                     ; strip first character
+print slice knight 1 (size knight)-1    ; alternate way to strip first character
+
+print chop socks                        ; strip last character
+print take socks (size socks)-1         ; alternate way to strip last character
+print slice socks 0 (size socks)-2      ; yet another way to strip last character
+
+print chop drop brooms 1                ; strip both first and last characters
+print slice brooms 1 (size brooms)-2    ; alternate way to strip both first and last characters

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/AutoHotkey/substring-top-and-tail.ahk

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+myString := "knights"
+MsgBox % SubStr(MyString, 2)
+MsgBox % SubStr(MyString, 1, StrLen(MyString)-1)
+MsgBox % SubStr(MyString, 2, StrLen(MyString)-2)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/BASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+10 PRINT FN F$("KNIGHTS"): REM STRIP THE FIRST LETTER
+20 PRINT FN L$("SOCKS"): REM STRIP THE LAST LETTER
+30 PRINT FN B$("BROOMS"): REM STRIP BOTH THE FIRST AND LAST LETTER
+100 END
+
+9000 DEF FN F$(A$)=RIGHT$(A$,LEN(A$)-1)
+9010 DEF FN L$(A$)=LEFT$(A$,LEN(A$)-1)
+9020 DEF FN B$(A$)=FN L$(FN F$(A$))

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/BASIC256/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+s$ = "Rosetta Code"
+
+print s$
+PRINT MID$(s$, 2)               'strip first
+PRINT LEFT$(s$, LEN(s$) - 1)    'strip last
+PRINT MID$(s$, 2, LEN(s$) - 2)  'strip first and last

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/BBC-BASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+      s$ = "Rosetta Code"
+      PRINT MID$(s$, 2)
+      PRINT LEFT$(s$)
+      PRINT LEFT$(MID$(s$, 2))

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/BQN/substring-top-and-tail.bqn

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+  str ← "substring"
+"substring"
+  1↓str
+"ubstring"
+  ¯1↓str
+"substrin"
+  1↓¯1↓str
+"ubstrin"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Bracmat/substring-top-and-tail-1.bracmat

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(substringUTF-8=
+  @( Δημοτική
+   : (%?a&utf$!a) ?"String with first character removed"
+   )
+& @( Δημοτική
+   : ?"String with last character removed" (?z&utf$!z)
+   )
+& @( Δημοτική
+   :   (%?a&utf$!a)
+       ?"String with both the first and last characters removed"
+       (?z&utf$!z)
+   )
+&   out
+  $ ("String with first character removed:" !"String with first character removed")
+&   out
+  $ ("String with last character removed:" !"String with last character removed")
+&   out
+  $ ( "String with both the first and last characters removed:"
+      !"String with both the first and last characters removed"
+    ));

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Bracmat/substring-top-and-tail-2.bracmat

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+(substring-8-bit=
+  @("8-bit string":%@ ?"String with first character removed")
+& @("8-bit string":?"String with last character removed" @)
+& @( "8-bit string"
+   : %@ ?"String with both the first and last characters removed" @
+   )
+&   out
+  $ ("String with first character removed:" !"String with first character removed")
+&   out
+  $ ("String with last character removed:" !"String with last character removed")
+&   out
+  $ ( "String with both the first and last characters removed:"
+      !"String with both the first and last characters removed"
+    ));

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Burlesque/substring-top-and-tail.blq

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+blsq ) "RosettaCode"[-
+"osettaCode"
+blsq ) "RosettaCode"-]
+'R
+blsq ) "RosettaCode"~]
+"RosettaCod"
+blsq ) "RosettaCode"[~
+'e
+blsq ) "RosettaCode"~-
+"osettaCod"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/C++/substring-top-and-tail.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main( ) {
+   std::string word( "Premier League" ) ;
+   std::cout << "Without first letter: " << word.substr( 1 ) << " !\n" ;
+   std::cout << "Without last letter: " << word.substr( 0 , word.length( ) - 1 ) << " !\n" ;
+   std::cout << "Without first and last letter: " << word.substr( 1 , word.length( ) - 2 ) << " !\n" ;
+   return 0 ;
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/C-sharp/substring-top-and-tail.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using System;
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        string testString = "test";
+        Console.WriteLine(testString.Substring(1));
+        Console.WriteLine(testString.Substring(0, testString.Length - 1));
+        Console.WriteLine(testString.Substring(1, testString.Length - 2));
+    }
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/C/substring-top-and-tail.c

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main( int argc, char ** argv ){
+  const char * str_a = "knight";
+  const char * str_b = "socks";
+  const char * str_c = "brooms";
+
+  char * new_a = malloc( strlen( str_a ) - 1 );
+  char * new_b = malloc( strlen( str_b ) - 1 );
+  char * new_c = malloc( strlen( str_c ) - 2 );
+
+  strcpy( new_a, str_a + 1 );
+  strncpy( new_b, str_b, strlen( str_b ) - 1 );
+  strncpy( new_c, str_c + 1, strlen( str_c ) - 2 );
+
+  printf( "%s\n%s\n%s\n", new_a, new_b, new_c );
+
+  free( new_a );
+  free( new_b );
+  free( new_c );
+
+  return 0;
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/COBOL/substring-top-and-tail.cobol

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+       identification division.
+       program-id. toptail.
+
+       data division.
+       working-storage section.
+       01 data-field.
+          05 value "[this is a test]".
+
+       procedure division.
+       sample-main.
+       display data-field
+      *> Using reference modification, which is (start-position:length)
+       display data-field(2:)
+       display data-field(1:length of data-field - 1)
+       display data-field(2:length of data-field - 2)
+       goback.
+       end program toptail.

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Chipmunk-Basic/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+10 s$ = "Rosetta Code"
+20 print s$
+30 print mid$(s$,2)'strip first
+40 print left$(s$,len(s$)-1)'strip last
+50 print mid$(s$,2,len(s$)-2)'strip first and last

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Clojure/substring-top-and-tail.clj

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+; using substring:
+user=> (subs "knight" 1)
+"night"
+user=> (subs "socks" 0 4)
+"sock"
+user=> (.substring "brooms" 1 5)
+"room"
+
+; using rest and drop-last:
+user=> (apply str (rest "knight"))
+"night"
+user=> (apply str (drop-last "socks"))
+"sock"
+user=> (apply str (rest (drop-last "brooms")))
+"room"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Common-Lisp/substring-top-and-tail.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+> (defvar *str* "∀Ꮺ✤Л◒")
+*STR*
+> (subseq *str* 1) ; remove first character
+"Ꮺ✤Л◒"
+> (subseq *str* 0 (1- (length *str*))) ; remove last character
+"∀Ꮺ✤Л"
+> (subseq *str* 1 (1- (length *str*))) ; remove first and last character
+"Ꮺ✤Л"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/D/substring-top-and-tail.d

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import std.stdio;
+
+void main() {
+    // strip first character
+    writeln("knight"[1 .. $]);
+
+    // strip last character
+    writeln("socks"[0 .. $ - 1]);
+
+    // strip both first and last characters
+    writeln("brooms"[1 .. $ - 1]);
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Dart/substring-top-and-tail.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void main() {
+  String word = "Premier League";
+  print("Without first letter: ${word.substring(1)} !");
+  print("Without last letter: ${word.substring(0, word.length - 1)} !");
+  print("Without first and last letter: ${word.substring(1, word.length - 1)} !");
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Delphi/substring-top-and-tail.delphi

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+program TopAndTail;
+
+{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
+
+const
+  TEST_STRING = '1234567890';
+begin
+  Writeln(TEST_STRING);                                    // full string
+  Writeln(Copy(TEST_STRING, 2, Length(TEST_STRING)));      // first character removed
+  Writeln(Copy(TEST_STRING, 1, Length(TEST_STRING) - 1));  // last character removed
+  Writeln(Copy(TEST_STRING, 2, Length(TEST_STRING) - 2));  // first and last characters removed
+
+  Readln;
+end.

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/EasyLang/substring-top-and-tail.easy

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string$ = "EasyLang"
+print substr string$ 1 len string$ - 1 # Without the last character
+print substr string$ 2 len string$ - 1 # Without the first character
+print substr string$ 2 len string$ - 2 # Without the first and last characters

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Eero/substring-top-and-tail.eero

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+int main()
+  autoreleasepool
+
+    s := 'knight'
+    Log( '%@', s[1 .. s.length-1] )  // strip first character
+
+    s = 'socks'
+    Log( '%@', s[0 .. s.length-2] )  // strip last character
+
+    s = 'brooms'
+    Log( '%@', s[1 .. s.length-2] )  // strip both first and last characters
+
+    s = 'Δημοτική'
+    Log( '%@', s[1 .. s.length-2] )  // strip both first and last characters
+
+  return 0

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Elena/substring-top-and-tail.elena

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import extensions;
+
+public program()
+{
+    var testString := "test";
+
+    console.printLine(testString.Substring(1));
+    console.printLine(testString.Substring(0, testString.Length - 1));
+    console.printLine(testString.Substring(1, testString.Length - 2))
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Elixir/substring-top-and-tail.elixir

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+iex(1)> str = "abcdefg"
+"abcdefg"
+iex(2)> String.slice(str, 1..-1)
+"bcdefg"
+iex(3)> String.slice(str, 0..-2)
+"abcdef"
+iex(4)> String.slice(str, 1..-2)
+"bcdef"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Emacs-Lisp/substring-top-and-tail.l

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(let ((string "top and tail"))
+  (substring string 1) ;=> "op and tail"
+  (substring string 0 (1- (length string))) ;=> "top and tai"
+  (substring string 1 (1- (length string)))) ;=> "op and tai"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Erlang/substring-top-and-tail.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+1> Str = "Hello".
+"Hello"
+2> string:sub_string(Str, 2).                   % To strip the string from the right by 1
+"ello"
+3> string:sub_string(Str, 1, length(Str)-1).    % To strip the string from the left by 1
+"Hell"
+4> string:sub_string(Str, 2, length(Str)-1).    % To strip the string from both sides by 1
+"ell"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Euphoria/substring-top-and-tail.euphoria

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function strip_first(sequence s)
+    return s[2..$]
+end function
+
+function strip_last(sequence s)
+    return s[1..$-1]
+end function
+
+function strip_both(sequence s)
+    return s[2..$-1]
+end function
+
+puts(1, strip_first("knight"))  -- strip first character
+puts(1, strip_last("write"))    -- strip last character
+puts(1, strip_both("brooms"))   -- strip both first and last characters

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/F-Sharp/substring-top-and-tail.fs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[<EntryPoint>]
+let main args =
+    let s = "一二三四五六七八九十"
+    printfn "%A" (s.Substring(1))
+    printfn "%A" (s.Substring(0, s.Length - 1))
+    printfn "%A" (s.Substring(1, s.Length - 2))
+    0

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Factor/substring-top-and-tail.factor

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+USING: io kernel sequences ;
+"Rosetta code" [ rest ] [ but-last ] [ rest but-last ] tri
+[ print ] tri@

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Forth/substring-top-and-tail.fth

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+: hello ( -- c-addr u )
+  s" Hello" ;
+
+hello 1 /string type     \ => ello
+
+hello 1- type            \ => hell
+
+hello 1 /string 1- type  \ => ell

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Fortran/substring-top-and-tail.f

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+program substring
+
+  character(len=5) :: string
+  string = "Hello"
+
+  write (*,*) string
+  write (*,*) string(2:)
+  write (*,*) string( :len(string)-1)
+  write (*,*) string(2:len(string)-1)
+
+end program substring

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/FreeBASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+' FB 1.05.0 Win64
+
+Dim s As String  = "panda"
+Dim s1 As String = Mid(s, 2)
+Dim s2 As String = Left(s, Len(s) - 1)
+Dim s3 As String = Mid(s, 2, Len(s) - 2)
+Print s
+Print s1
+Print s2
+Print s3
+Sleep

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/FutureBasic/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+void local fn DoIt
+  CFStringRef s = @"knights"
+  print s
+  CFStringRef s1 = mid(s, 1, len(s) - 1)
+  print s1
+  CFStringRef s2 = left(s,   len(s) - 1)
+  print s2
+  CFStringRef s3 = mid(s, 1, len(s) - 2)
+  print s3
+end fn
+
+fn DoIt
+
+HandleEvents

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/GW-BASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+10 A$="knight":B$="socks":C$="brooms"
+20 PRINT MID$(A$,2)
+30 PRINT LEFT$(B$,LEN(B$)-1)
+40 PRINT MID$(C$,2,LEN(C$)-2)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Go/substring-top-and-tail.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+func main() {
+    // ASCII contents:  Interpreting "characters" as bytes.
+    s := "ASCII"
+    fmt.Println("String:                ", s)
+    fmt.Println("First byte removed:    ", s[1:])
+    fmt.Println("Last byte removed:     ", s[:len(s)-1])
+    fmt.Println("First and last removed:", s[1:len(s)-1])
+    // UTF-8 contents:  "Characters" as runes (unicode code points)
+    u := "Δημοτική"
+    fmt.Println("String:                ", u)
+    _, sizeFirst := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(u)
+    fmt.Println("First rune removed:    ", u[sizeFirst:])
+    _, sizeLast := utf8.DecodeLastRuneInString(u)
+    fmt.Println("Last rune removed:     ", u[:len(u)-sizeLast])
+    fmt.Println("First and last removed:", u[sizeFirst:len(u)-sizeLast])
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Golfscript/substring-top-and-tail.golf

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"Golfscript"(;n
+"Golfscript");n
+"Golfscript"(;);

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Groovy/substring-top-and-tail-1.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def top  = { it.size() > 1 ? it[0..-2] : '' }
+def tail = { it.size() > 1 ? it[1..-1] : '' }

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Groovy/substring-top-and-tail-2.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def testVal = 'upraisers'
+println """
+original: ${testVal}
+top:      ${top(testVal)}
+tail:     ${tail(testVal)}
+top&tail: ${tail(top(testVal))}
+"""

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Haskell/substring-top-and-tail-1.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- We define the functions to return an empty string if the argument is too
+-- short for the particular operation.
+
+remFirst, remLast, remBoth :: String -> String
+
+remFirst "" = ""
+remFirst cs = tail cs
+
+remLast "" = ""
+remLast cs = init cs
+
+remBoth (c:cs) = remLast cs
+remBoth  _     = ""
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  let s = "Some string."
+  mapM_ (\f -> putStrLn . f $ s) [remFirst, remLast, remBoth]

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Haskell/substring-top-and-tail-2.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+word = "knights"
+
+main = do
+    -- You can drop the first item
+    -- using `tail`
+    putStrLn (tail word)
+
+    -- The `init` function will drop
+    -- the last item
+    putStrLn (init word)
+
+    -- We can combine these two to drop
+    -- the last and the first characters
+    putStrLn (middle word)
+
+-- You can combine functions using `.`,
+-- which is pronounced "compose" or "of"
+middle = init . tail

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Haskell/substring-top-and-tail-3.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+main :: IO ()
+main = mapM_ print $ [tail, init, init . tail] <*> ["knights"]

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/IS-BASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+100 LET S$="Knights"
+110 PRINT S$(2:)
+120 PRINT S$(:LEN(S$)-1)
+130 PRINT S$(2:LEN(S$)-1)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Icon/substring-top-and-tail-1.icon

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+procedure main()
+write(s := "knight"," --> ", s[2:0])  # drop 1st char
+write(s := "sock"," --> ", s[1:-1])   # drop last
+write(s := "brooms"," --> ", s[2:-1]) # drop both
+end

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Icon/substring-top-and-tail-2.icon

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+write(s := "knight"," --> ", s[1] := "", s)  # drop 1st char

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/J/substring-top-and-tail.j

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+   }. 'knight'      NB. drop first item
+night
+   }: 'socks'       NB. drop last item
+sock
+   }: }. 'brooms'   NB. drop first and last items
+room

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Java/substring-top-and-tail.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+public class RM_chars {
+  public static void main( String[] args ){
+    System.out.println( "knight".substring( 1 ) );
+    System.out.println( "socks".substring( 0, 4 ) );
+    System.out.println( "brooms".substring( 1, 5 ) );
+      // first, do this by selecting a specific substring
+      // to exclude the first and last characters
+
+    System.out.println( "knight".replaceAll( "^.", "" ) );
+    System.out.println( "socks".replaceAll( ".$", "" ) );
+    System.out.println( "brooms".replaceAll( "^.|.$", "" ) );
+      // then do this using a regular expressions
+  }
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/JavaScript/substring-top-and-tail.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+alert("knight".slice(1));       // strip first character
+alert("socks".slice(0, -1));    // strip last character
+alert("brooms".slice(1, -1));   // strip both first and last characters

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Joy/substring-top-and-tail.joy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+DEFINE
+  dropfirst == 1 drop;
+  droplast == dup size pred take.
+
+"abcd" dropfirst.
+"abcd" droplast.
+"abcd" dropfirst droplast.

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Jq/substring-top-and-tail-1.jq

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"一二三四五六七八九十"[1:]' => "二三四五六七八九十"
+
+"一二三四五六七八九十"[:-1]' => "一二三四五六七八九"
+
+"一二三四五六七八九十"[1:-1]' => "二三四五六七八九"
+
+"a"[1:-1] # => ""

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Jq/substring-top-and-tail-2.jq

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"abc" | capture( ".(?<monkey>.*)." ).monkey => "b"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Julia/substring-top-and-tail.julia

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+julia> "My String"[2:end] # without first character
+"y String"
+
+julia> "My String"[1:end-1] # without last character
+"My Strin"
+
+julia> "My String"[2:end-1] # without first and last characters
+"y Strin"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/K/substring-top-and-tail-1.k

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+    s: "1234567890"
+"1234567890"
+    s _di 0 /Delete 1st character
+"234567890"
+    s _di -1+#s /Delete last character
+"123456789"
+    (s _di -1+#s) _di 0 /String with both 1st and last character removed
+"23456789"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/K/substring-top-and-tail-2.k

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+    s: "1234567890"
+"1234567890"
+    1 _ s  /Delete 1st character
+"234567890"
+    -1 _ s /Delete last character
+"123456789"
+    1 - -1 _ s /Delete 1st and last character
+"23456789"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Kotlin/substring-top-and-tail.kotlin

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// version 1.0.6
+fun main(args: Array<String>) {
+    val s = "Rosetta"
+    println(s.drop(1))
+    println(s.dropLast(1))
+    println(s.drop(1).dropLast(1))
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Lambdatalk/substring-top-and-tail.lambdatalk

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{def R rosetta}                               -> rosetta
+
+{W.rest {R}}                                  ->  osetta
+{W.reverse {W.rest {W.reverse {R}}}}          -> rosett
+{W.rest {W.reverse {W.rest {W.reverse {R}}}}} ->  osett
+
+or
+
+{W.slice 1 {W.length {R}} {R}}                ->  osetta
+{W.slice 0 {- {W.length {R}} 1} {R}}          -> rosett
+{W.slice 1 {- {W.length {R}} 1} {R}}          ->  osett
+
+{def J ストリング}                              -> ストリング
+
+{W.rest {J}}                                  ->   トリング
+{W.reverse {W.rest {W.reverse {J}}}}          -> ストリン
+{W.rest {W.reverse {W.rest {W.reverse {J}}}}} ->   トリン

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Lasso/substring-top-and-tail-1.lasso

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+local(str = 'The quick grey rhino jumped over the lazy green fox.')
+
+// String with first character removed
+string_remove(#str,-startposition=1,-endposition=1)
+
+// String with last character removed
+string_remove(#str,-startposition=#str->size,-endposition=#str->size)
+
+// String with both the first and last characters removed
+string_remove(string_remove(#str,-startposition=#str->size,-endposition=#str->size),-startposition=1,-endposition=1)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Lasso/substring-top-and-tail-2.lasso

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+local(mystring = 'ÅÜÄÖカ')
+
+#mystring -> remove(1,1)
+#mystring
+'<br />'
+#mystring -> remove(#mystring -> size,1)
+#mystring
+'<br />'
+#mystring -> remove(1,1)& -> remove(#mystring -> size,1)
+#mystring

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Lasso/substring-top-and-tail-3.lasso

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+local(str = 'The quick grey rhino jumped over the lazy green fox.')
+
+// String with first character removed
+string_remove(#str,-startposition=1,-endposition=1)
+// > he quick grey rhino jumped over the lazy green fox.
+
+// String with last character removed
+string_remove(#str,-startposition=#str->size,-endposition=#str->size)
+// > The quick grey rhino jumped over the lazy green fox
+
+// String with both the first and last characters removed
+string_remove(string_remove(#str,-startposition=#str->size,-endposition=#str->size),-startposition=1,-endposition=1)
+// > he quick grey rhino jumped over the lazy green fox

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Liberty-BASIC/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string$ = "Rosetta Code"
+Print Mid$(string$, 2)
+Print Left$(string$, (Len(string$) - 1))
+Print Mid$(string$, 2, (Len(string$) - 2))

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/LiveCode/substring-top-and-tail.livecode

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+put "pple" into x
+answer char 2 to len(x) of x // pple
+answer char 1 to -2 of x  // ppl
+answer char 2 to -2 of x // ppl

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Locomotive-Basic/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+10 a$="knight":b$="socks":c$="brooms"
+20 PRINT MID$(a$,2)
+30 PRINT LEFT$(b$,LEN(b$)-1)
+40 PRINT MID$(c$,2,LEN(c$)-2)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Logo/substring-top-and-tail.logo

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+make "s "|My string|
+print butfirst :s
+print butlast :s
+print butfirst butlast :s

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Logtalk/substring-top-and-tail-1.logtalk

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+:- object(top_and_tail).
+
+    :- public(test/1).
+    test(String) :-
+        sub_atom(String, 1, _, 0, MinusTop),
+        write('String with first character cut: '), write(MinusTop), nl,
+        sub_atom(String, 0, _, 1, MinusTail),
+        write('String with last character cut: '), write(MinusTail), nl,
+        sub_atom(String, 1, _, 1, MinusTopAndTail),
+        write('String with first and last characters cut: '), write(MinusTopAndTail), nl.
+
+:- end_object.

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Logtalk/substring-top-and-tail-2.logtalk

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+| ?- top_and_tail::test('Rosetta').
+String with first character cut: osetta
+String with last character cut: Rosett
+String with first and last characters cut: osett
+yes

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Lua/substring-top-and-tail.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+print (string.sub("knights",2))    -- remove the first character
+print (string.sub("knights",1,-2))    -- remove the last character
+print (string.sub("knights",2,-2))    -- remove the first and last characters

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/MATLAB/substring-top-and-tail.m

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+    % String with first character removed
+    str(2:end)
+    % String with last character removed
+    str(1:end-1)
+    % String with both the first and last characters removed
+    str(2:end-1)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/MIPS-Assembly/substring-top-and-tail.mips

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+.include "\SrcAll\Header.asm"
+.include "\SrcAll\BasicMacros.asm"
+.include "\SrcALL\AdvancedMacros.asm"
+.include "\SrcALL\MemoryMap.asm"
+
+; .definelabel UserRam,0xA0010000		(this is defined in the header)
+
+CursorX equ 0x100 ;offset from label UserRam
+CursorY equ 0x101 ;offset from label UserRam
+
+main:
+	jal Cls
+	nop
+	
+	la a0,MyString
+	la a1,UserRam+0x1000
+	push a0
+	push a1
+		jal strcpy
+		addiu a0,1		;branch delay slot - increment base address prior to branching
+	pop a0				;deliberately pop in the "wrong order"
+	pop a1				;because printString uses $a0
+	
+	jal PrintString
+	nop
+	jal NewLine
+	nop
+	
+	
+	
+	la a0,MyString
+	la a1,UserRam+0x1000
+	
+	push a0
+	push a1
+		jal strcpy
+		nop				;branch delay slot
+		;after a strcpy, a0/a1 both point to the null terminator
+		subiu a1,1
+		move t0,zero
+		sb t0,(a1)
+		.ifdef buildPSX
+			nop		;load delay slot
+		.endif
+	pop a0
+	pop a1
+	
+	jal PrintString
+	nop
+	jal NewLine
+	nop
+	
+	la a0,MyString
+	la a1,UserRam+0x1000
+	
+	push a0
+	push a1
+		jal strcpy
+		addiu a0,1	;branch delay slot
+		;after a strcpy, a0/a1 both point to the null terminator
+		subiu a1,1
+		move t0,zero
+		sb t0,(a1)
+		.ifdef buildPSX
+			nop		;load delay slot
+		.endif
+	pop a0
+	pop a1
+	
+	jal PrintString
+	nop
+	jal NewLine
+	nop
+	
+	
+halt:
+	nop
+	j halt
+	nop
+	
+	
+MyString:
+	.ascii "Hello World"
+	.byte 0
+	.align 4
+	
+MyFont:
+
+.ifdef buildn64				
+	.incbin "\ResN64\ChibiAkumas.fnt"
+.endif
+.ifdef buildPSX				
+	.incbin "\ResPSX\ChibiAkumas.fnt"
+.endif
+
+.include "\SrcALL\graphics.asm"
+.include "\SrcAll\monitor.asm"
+.include "\SrcALL\Multiplatform_Math_Integer.asm"
+.include "\SrcALL\BasicFunctions_v2.asm"
+.include "\SrcN64\Footer.asm"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/MSX-Basic/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+10 S$ = "Rosetta Code"
+20 PRINT S$
+30 PRINT MID$(S$, 2)              'strip first
+40 PRINT LEFT$(S$, LEN(S$) - 1)   'strip last
+50 PRINT MID$(S$, 2, LEN(S$) - 2) 'strip first and last

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Maple/substring-top-and-tail-1.maple

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+> s := "some string":
+> s[2..-1];
+                              "ome string"
+
+> s[1..-2];
+                              "some strin"
+
+> s[2..-2];
+                              "ome strin"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Maple/substring-top-and-tail-2.maple

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+> substring( s, 2 .. -1 );
+                              "ome string"
+
+> substring( s, 1 .. -2 );
+                              "some strin"
+
+> substring( s, 2 .. -2 );
+                              "ome strin"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Maple/substring-top-and-tail-3.maple

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+> use StringTools in
+>     SubString( s, 2 .. -1 );
+>     SubString( s, 1 .. -1 );
+>     SubString( s, 2 .. -2 )
+> end use;
+                              "ome string"
+
+                             "some string"
+
+                              "ome strin"

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Mathematica/substring-top-and-tail.math

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+StringDrop["input string",1]
+StringDrop["input string",-1]
+StringTake["input string",{2,-2}]

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Microsoft-Small-Basic/substring-top-and-tail.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string = "Small Basic"
+TextWindow.WriteLine(Text.GetSubTextToEnd(string, 2)) 'Without the first character
+TextWindow.WriteLine(Text.GetSubText(string, 1, Text.GetLength(string) - 1)) 'Without the last character
+TextWindow.WriteLine(Text.GetSubText(string, 2, Text.GetLength(string) - 2)) 'Without the first and last characters

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/MiniScript/substring-top-and-tail.mini

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+test = "This thing"
+print test[1:]
+print test[:-1]
+print test[1:-1]

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Neko/substring-top-and-tail.neko

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ Subtring/Top-Tail in Neko
+*/
+
+var data = "[this is a test]"
+var len = $ssize(data)
+
+$print(data, "\n")
+$print($ssub(data, 1, len - 1), "\n")
+$print($ssub(data, 0, len - 1), "\n")
+$print($ssub(data, 1, len - 2), "\n")

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Nemerle/substring-top-and-tail.nemerle

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using System;
+using System.Console;
+
+module RemoveChars
+{
+    Main() : void
+    {
+        def str = "*A string*";
+        def end = str.Remove(str.Length - 1);  // from pos to end
+        def beg = str.Remove(0, 1);            // start pos, # of chars to remove
+        def both = str.Trim(array['*']);       // with Trim() you need to know what char's you're removing
+
+        WriteLine($"$str -> $beg -> $end -> $both");
+    }
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/NetRexx/substring-top-and-tail.netrexx

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+* 02.08.2013 Walter Pachl  translated from REXX
+**********************************************************************/
+z = 'abcdefghijk'
+l=z.length()
+say '                  the original string =' z
+If l>=1 Then Do
+  Say 'string first        character removed =' z.substr(2)
+  say 'string         last character removed =' z.left(l-1)
+  End
+If l>=2 Then
+  Say 'string first & last character removed =' z.substr(2,l-2)

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/NewLISP/substring-top-and-tail.l

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(let (str "rosetta")
+  ;; strip first char
+  (println (1 str))
+  ;; strip last char
+  (println (0 -1 str))
+  ;; strip both first and last characters
+  (println (1 -1 str)))

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Nim/substring-top-and-tail.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import unicode
+
+let s = "Hänsel  ««: 10,00€"
+echo "Original: ", s
+echo "With first character removed: ", s.runeSubStr(1)
+echo "With last character removed: ", s.runeSubStr(0, s.runeLen - 1)
+echo "With first and last characters removed: ", s.runeSubStr(1, s.runeLen - 2)
+# Using the runes type and slices
+let r = s.toRunes
+echo "With first and last characters removed (other way): ", r[1 .. ^2]

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/OCaml/substring-top-and-tail.ocaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+let strip_first_char str =
+  if str = "" then "" else
+  String.sub str 1 ((String.length str) - 1)
+
+let strip_last_char str =
+  if str = "" then "" else
+  String.sub str 0 ((String.length str) - 1)
+
+let strip_both_chars str =
+  match String.length str with
+  | 0 | 1 | 2 -> ""
+  | len -> String.sub str 1 (len - 2)
+
+let () =
+  print_endline (strip_first_char "knight");
+  print_endline (strip_last_char "socks");
+  print_endline (strip_both_chars "brooms");
+;;

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Objeck/substring-top-and-tail.objeck

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+bundle Default {
+   class TopTail {
+      function : Main(args : System.String[]) ~ Nil {
+         string := "test";
+         string->SubString(1, string->Size() - 1)->PrintLine();
+         string->SubString(string->Size() - 1)->PrintLine();
+         string->SubString(1, string->Size() - 2)->PrintLine();
+      }
+   }
+}

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Oforth/substring-top-and-tail.fth

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+: topAndTail(s)
+    s right(s size 1-) println
+    s left(s size 1-) println
+    s extract(2, s size 1- ) println ;

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/PARI-GP/substring-top-and-tail.parigp

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+df(s)=concat(vecextract(Vec(s),1<<#s-2));
+dl(s)=concat(vecextract(Vec(s),1<<(#s-1)-1));
+db(s)=concat(vecextract(Vec(s),1<<(#s-1)-2));

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/PHP/substring-top-and-tail.php

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?php
+echo substr("knight", 1), "\n";       // strip first character
+echo substr("socks", 0, -1), "\n";    // strip last character
+echo substr("brooms", 1, -1), "\n";   // strip both first and last characters
+?>

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/PL-I/substring-top-and-tail.pli

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+declare s character (100) varying;
+s = 'now is the time to come to the aid of the party';
+if length(s) <= 2 then stop;
+put skip list ('First character removed=' || substr(s,2) );
+put skip list ('Last character removed='  || substr(s, 1, length(s)-1) );
+put skip list ('One character from each end removed=' ||
+   substr(s, 2, length(s)-2) );

Task/Substring-Top-and-tail/Pascal/substring-top-and-tail.pas

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+program topAndTail(output);
+var
+	line: string(20);
+begin
+	line := 'ABCDEF';
+	
+	if length(line) > 1 then
+	begin
+		{ string with first character removed }
+		writeLn(subStr(line, 2));
+		{ index range expression: only possible for strings }
+		{ _not_ designated `bindable` [e.g. `bindable string(20)`] }
+		writeLn(line[2..length(line)]);
+		
+		{ string with last character removed }
+		
+		writeLn(subStr(line, 1, length(line) - 1));
+		{ only legal with non-bindable strings: }
+		writeLn(line[1..length(line)-1])
+	end;
+	
+	{ string with both the first and last characters removed }
+	if length(line) > 2 then
+	begin
+		writeLn(subStr(line, 2, length(line) - 2));
+		{ only for non-bindable strings: }
+		writeLn(line[2..length(line)-1])
+	end
+end.