Data commit

Task/Twos-complement/00-META.yaml

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+---
+category:
+- Simple
+from: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Two's_complement
+note: Basic language learning

Task/Twos-complement/00-TASK.txt

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+[[wp:Two's_complement|Two's complement]] is an important concept in representing negative numbers. To turn a positive integer negative, flip the bits and add one.
+
+
+
+;Task
+Show how to calculate the two's complement of an integer. (It doesn't necessarily need to be a 32 bit integer.)
+
+
+

Task/Twos-complement/6502-Assembly/twos-complement-1.6502

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+LDA #%01010101
+EOR #255
+CLC
+ADC #1 ;result: #%10101011

Task/Twos-complement/6502-Assembly/twos-complement-2.6502

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+myVar equ $20
+
+LDA #3
+STA myVar
+LDA #0
+STA myVar+1  ;equivalent C: uint16_t myVar = 3;
+
+negate:
+LDA myVar+1
+EOR #255
+STA myVar+1
+
+LDA myVar
+EOR #255
+STA myVar
+CLC
+ADC #1
+STA myVar
+;this handles the case if we started with something where the low byte was zero.
+LDA myVar+1
+ADC #0
+STA myVar+1

Task/Twos-complement/68000-Assembly/twos-complement.68000

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+MOVE.L #3,D0
+NEG.L D0 ;D0 = #$FFFFFFFD

Task/Twos-complement/8086-Assembly/twos-complement.8086

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+mov al,17
+neg al ;8-bit
+mov bx,4C00h
+neg bx ;16-bit

Task/Twos-complement/ALGOL-68/twos-complement.alg

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+BEGIN
+    INT a := 3;
+    print( ( -a, " ", 1 + ABS NOT BIN a, newline ) )
+END

Task/Twos-complement/ALGOL-W/twos-complement.alg

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+begin
+    integer a;
+    a := 3;
+    write( i_w := 1, s_w := 1, -a, 1 + number( not bitstring( a ) ) )
+end.

Task/Twos-complement/ARM-Assembly/twos-complement.arm

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+MOV R0,#0x0000000F
+MOV R1,#1
+MVN R0,R0    ;flips the bits of R0, R0 = 0xFFFFFFF0
+ADD R0,R0,R1 ;R0 = 0xFFFFFFF1

Task/Twos-complement/C++/twos-complement.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <bitset>
+
+std::string to_hex(int32_t number) {
+    std::stringstream stream;
+    stream << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << std::hex << number;
+    return stream.str();
+}
+
+std::string to_binary(int32_t number) {
+	std::stringstream stream;
+	stream << std::bitset<16>(number);
+	return stream.str();
+}
+
+int32_t twos_complement(int32_t number) {
+	return ~number + 1;
+}
+
+std::string to_upper_case(std::string str) {
+	for ( char& ch : str ) {
+		ch = toupper(ch);
+	}
+	return str;
+}
+
+int main() {
+	std::vector<int32_t> examples = { 0, 1, -1, 42 };
+
+	std::cout << std::setw(9) << "decimal" << std::setw(12) << "hex"
+			  << std::setw(17) << "binary" << std::setw(25) << "two's complement" << std::endl;
+	std::cout << std::setw(6) << "-----------" << std::setw(12) << "--------"
+			  << std::setw(20) << "----------------" << std::setw(20) << "----------------" << std::endl;
+
+	for ( int32_t example : examples ) {
+		std::cout << std::setw(6) << example << std::setw(17) << to_upper_case(to_hex(example))
+				  << std::setw(20) << to_binary(example) << std::setw(13) << twos_complement(example) << std::endl;
+	}
+}

Task/Twos-complement/C/twos-complement.c

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+int a = 3;
+a = -a;

Task/Twos-complement/Craft-Basic/twos-complement.basic

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+let d = 1234567
+
+dim b[d * -1, d * -1 + 1, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, d - 2, d - 1]
+
+arraysize s, b
+
+for i = 0 to s - 1
+
+	print b[i], " : ", b[i] * -1
+
+next i
+
+end

Task/Twos-complement/Delphi/twos-complement.delphi

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+procedure TwosCompliment(Memo: TMemo);
+var N: integer;
+begin
+N:=123456789;
+Memo.Lines.Add(Format('N=%10d $%0.8x',[N,N]));
+Memo.Lines.Add('');
+Memo.Lines.Add('N:=(N xor $FFFFFFFF)+1');
+N:=(N xor $FFFFFFFF)+1;
+Memo.Lines.Add('');
+Memo.Lines.Add(Format('N=%10d $%0.8x',[N,N]));
+end;

Task/Twos-complement/Forth/twos-complement.fth

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+: 2s'complement base @ swap dup negate swap 2 base ! u. u. base ! ;
+25 2s'complement

Task/Twos-complement/FreeBASIC/twos-complement-1.basic

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+Dim As Integer d1 = 2147483648, d2 = 2147483646
+Dim As Integer b(1 To ...) = {-d1, -d1+1, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, d1-2, d1-1}
+For i As Integer = 1 To Ubound(b)
+    Print b(i); " -> "; -b(i)
+Next i
+Sleep

Task/Twos-complement/FreeBASIC/twos-complement-2.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Dim As Integer a = &b000011
+Dim As Integer a2c, l
+#ifdef __FB_64BIT__
+    l = 16
+    Asm
+        mov rax, [a]
+        neg rax
+        mov [a2c], rax
+    End Asm
+#else
+    l = 8
+    Asm
+        mov eax, [a]
+        neg eax
+        mov [a2c], eax
+    End Asm
+#endif
+
+Print Bin(a, l); " -> "; Bin(a2c, l)
+Sleep

Task/Twos-complement/J/twos-complement-1.j

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+   -3
+_3

Task/Twos-complement/J/twos-complement-2.j

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+   (8#2)#:3
+0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
+   (8#2)#:-3
+1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

Task/Twos-complement/Jakt/twos-complement.jakt

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+fn main() {
+    let n = 0xabcdeabcdeu64
+    println("{:064b}", n)
+    println("{:064b}", ~n + 1)
+    println("{:064b}", -n) // Same result
+}

Task/Twos-complement/Java/twos-complement.java

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+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class TwosComplement {
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		List<Integer> examples = List.of( 0, 1, -1, 42 );
+		
+		System.out.println(String.format("%9s%12s%24s%34s", "decimal", "hex", "binary", "two's complement"));
+		System.out.println(
+            String.format("%6s%12s%24s%32s", "-----------", "--------", "----------", "----------------"));
+		
+		for ( int example : examples ) {
+			System.out.println(
+                String.format("%5d%18s%36s%13d", example, toHex(example), toBinary(example), twosComplement(example)));
+		}
+	}
+	
+	private static String toHex(int number) {
+		return String.format("%8s", Integer.toHexString(number).toUpperCase()).replace(" ", "0");
+	}
+	
+	private static String toBinary(int number) {
+		return String.format("%32s", Integer.toBinaryString(number)).replace(" ", "0");
+	}
+	
+	private static int twosComplement(int number) {
+		return ~number + 1;
+	}
+
+}

Task/Twos-complement/M2000-Interpreter/twos-complement.m2000

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+Module Complement2{
+	// we use binary.and to get a number in range of byte 0 to 255
+	byte k, v
+	v=random(1, 255)  ' there is no two's complement for zero
+	z=binary.and(binary.not(v)+1, 0xFF)
+	print v
+	print z
+	print z=255-v+1 // z is type of byte always positive
+	print sint(z+0xFFFFFF00)=-v  // using 4bytes, we add unsinged 0xFFFFFF00
+}
+Complement2
+Complement2

Task/Twos-complement/Nim/twos-complement.nim

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+import std/[strformat, strutils]
+
+func twosComplement[T: SomeSignedInt](n: T): T =
+  ## Compute the two's complement of "n".
+  not n + 1
+
+echo &"""{"n":^15}{"2's complement":^15}{"-n":^15}"""
+for n in [0i32, 1i32, -1i32]:
+  echo &"{n.toHex:^15}{twosComplement(n).toHex:^15}{(-n).toHex:^15}"
+for n in [-50i8, 50i8]:
+  echo &"{n.toHex:^15}{twosComplement(n).toHex:^15}{(-n).toHex:^15}"

Task/Twos-complement/PL-M/twos-complement.plm

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+100H: /* TWO'S COMPLEMENT                                                   *?
+
+   /* CP/M BDOS SYSTEM CALL */
+   BDOS: PROCEDURE( FN, ARG ); DECLARE FN BYTE, ARG ADDRESS; GOTO 5;END;
+   /* CONSOLE OUTPUT ROUTINES */
+   PR$CHAR:   PROCEDURE( C ); DECLARE C BYTE;    CALL BDOS( 2, C ); END;
+   PR$NL:     PROCEDURE; CALL PR$CHAR( 0DH ); CALL PR$CHAR( 0AH );  END;
+   PR$HEX: PROCEDURE( B ); /* PRINTS B AS A 2 DIGIT HEX NUMBER */
+      DECLARE B BYTE;
+      DECLARE D BYTE;
+      IF ( D := SHR( B, 4 ) ) > 9 THEN CALL PR$CHAR( ( D - 10 ) + 'A' );
+                                  ELSE CALL PR$CHAR(     D      + '0' );
+      IF ( D := B AND 0FH   ) > 9 THEN CALL PR$CHAR( ( D - 10 ) + 'A' );
+                                  ELSE CALL PR$CHAR(     D      + '0' );
+   END PR$HEX ;
+
+   DECLARE A  BYTE;
+
+   A = 1;
+   CALL PR$HEX( A );
+   CALL PR$CHAR( ' ' );
+   A = -A;
+   CALL PR$HEX( A );
+   CALL PR$NL;
+
+EOF

Task/Twos-complement/Perl/twos-complement.pl

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+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+for ( -2**31, -2**31+1, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 2**31-2, 2**31-1 ) {
+   printf "$_ -> %d\n", $_ == 0 ? 0 : ~$_+1
+}

Task/Twos-complement/Phix/twos-complement-1.phix

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+-->
+ <span style="color: #008080;">without</span> <span style="color: #008080;">js</span>
+ <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">a</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0b000011</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
+         <span style="color: #000000;">a2c</span>
+ #ilASM{
+     [32]
+         mov eax,[a]
+         neg eax
+         mov [a2c],eax
+     [64]
+         mov rax,[a]
+         neg rax
+         mov [a2c],rax
+      }
+ <span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%032b -&gt; %032b\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">a2c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
+<!--

Task/Twos-complement/Phix/twos-complement-2.phix

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+(phixonline)-->
+ <span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
+ <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">a</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0b000011</span>
+ <span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%032b -&gt; %032b\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,-</span><span style="color: #000000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
+<!--

Task/Twos-complement/Python/twos-complement-1.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-n

Task/Twos-complement/Python/twos-complement-2.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+~n+1

Task/Twos-complement/Raku/twos-complement.raku

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use FixedInt;
+
+# Instantiate a new 57(!) bit fixed size integer
+my \fixedint = FixedInt.new: :57bits;
+
+fixedint = (2³⁷ / 72 - 5¹⁷); # Set it to a large value
+
+say fixedint;     # Echo the value to the console in decimal format
+say fixedint.bin; # Echo the value to the console in binary format
+
+fixedint.=C2;     # Take the twos complement
+
+say fixedint;     # Echo the value to the console in decimal format
+say fixedint.bin; # Echo the value to the console in binary format

Task/Twos-complement/Ruby/twos-complement.rb

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+~42 + 1 # => -42

Task/Twos-complement/Wren/twos-complement-1.wren

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+var a = 0
+a = -a
+System.print(a) // -0

Task/Twos-complement/Wren/twos-complement-2.wren

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+var pow32 = 2.pow(32)
+var pow31 = 2.pow(31)
+var bs = [-pow31, -pow31+1, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, pow31-2, pow31-1]
+for (b in bs) {
+    var b2 = ~b + 1
+    if (b2 > pow31) b2 = b2 - pow32
+    System.print("%(b) -> %(b2)")
+}

Task/Twos-complement/XPL0/twos-complement.xpl0

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+int I;  char C;
+[I:= 123;
+I:= (~I) + 1;
+IntOut(0, I);  CrLf(0);
+C:= -123;
+C:= ~(C-1);
+IntOut(0, C);  CrLf(0);
+]

Task/Twos-complement/Z80-Assembly/twos-complement-1.z80

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ld a,%00001111
+neg ;returns %11110001 in a

Task/Twos-complement/Z80-Assembly/twos-complement-2.z80

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ld a,%00001111
+cpl   ;game boy doesn't have NEG but it has CPL which flips all the bits.
+inc a ;returns %11110001 in a

Task/Twos-complement/Z80-Assembly/twos-complement-3.z80

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+xor a ;ld a,0
+sub c
+ld c,a
+sbc a ;loads &FF into A if "sub c" set the carry (borrow) flag. Otherwise, a remains zero.
+sub b
+ld b,a