A-M baby

Task/Literals-String/0DESCRIPTION

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+Show literal specification of characters and strings. If supported, show how verbatim strings (quotes where escape sequences are quoted literally) and here-strings work. Also, discuss which quotes expand variables.
+
+* Related tasks: [[Special characters]], [[Here document]]

Task/Literals-String/1META.yaml

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+---
+note: Basic language learning

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-1.alg

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+CHAR charx = "z";

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-10.alg

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+INT pages=100, lines=25, characters=80;
+FILE bookf; FLEX[pages]FLEX[lines]FLEX[characters]CHAR book;
+associate(bookf, book);
+
+# following putf inserts the string "    Line 4 indented 5" on page 3 #
+putf(bookf, $3p"Page 3"4l5x"Line 4 indented 5"$)

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-2.alg

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+[]CHAR charxyz = "xyz";
+STRING stringxyz = "xyz";
+FORMAT twonewlines = $ll$, threenewpages=$ppp$, fourbackspaces=$bbbb$;

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-3.alg

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+.PR QUOTE .PR
+[]'CHAR' CHARXYZ = "XYZ";

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-4.alg

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+MODE STRING = FLEX[1:0]CHAR;

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-5.alg

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+BYTES bytesabc = bytes pack("abc");

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-6.alg

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+STRING stringquote = """I'll be back."" - The Terminator";

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-7.alg

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+STRING linexyz := "line X;" +
+ "line Y;" +
+ "line Z;";

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-8.alg

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+FILE linef; STRING line;
+associate(linef, line);

Task/Literals-String/ALGOL-68/literals-string-9.alg

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+FORMAT my_symbol = $"SYMBOL"$;
+FORMAT foo  = $"prefix_"f(my_symbol)"_suffix"$;
+putf(linef ,foo);

Task/Literals-String/AWK/literals-string-1.awk

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+        c  = "x"
+        str= "hello"
+	s1 = "abcd"	# simple string
+	s2 = "ab\"cd"	# string containing a double quote, escaped with backslash
+	print s1
+	print s2

Task/Literals-String/AWK/literals-string-2.awk

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+$ awk 'BEGIN{c="x"; s="hello";s1 = "abcd"; s2 = "ab\"cd"; s=s c; print s; print s1; print s2}'
+hellox

Task/Literals-String/Ada/literals-string-1.ada

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+ch : character := 'a';

Task/Literals-String/Ada/literals-string-2.ada

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+msg : string := "hello world";
+empty : string := "";  -- an empty string

Task/Literals-String/Aime/literals-string-1.aime

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+integer c;
+c = 'z';

Task/Literals-String/Aime/literals-string-2.aime

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+text s;
+s = "z";

Task/Literals-String/AutoHotkey/literals-string.ahk

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+"c" ; character
+"text" ; string
+hereString =   ; with interpolation of %variables%
+(
+"<>"
+the time is %A_Now%
+\!
+)
+
+hereString2 =  ; with same line comments allowed, without interpolation of variables
+(Comments %
+literal %A_Now%  ; no interpolation here
+)

Task/Literals-String/BASIC/literals-string-1.bas

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+10 LET Q$=CHR$(34): REM DOUBLEQUOTES
+20 LET D$=Q$+Q$: REM A PAIR OF DOUBLEQUOTES
+30 LET S$=Q$+"THIS IS A QUOTED STRING"+Q$
+40 PRINT Q$;"HELLO";Q$:REM ADD QUOTES DURING OUTPUT

Task/Literals-String/BASIC/literals-string-2.bas

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+DIM c AS STRING * 1, s AS STRING
+
+c = "char" 'everything after the first character is silently discarded
+s = "string"
+PRINT CHR$(34); s; " data "; c; CHR$(34)

Task/Literals-String/BASIC/literals-string-3.bas

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+10 REM Print some quotes
+20 PRINT CHR$(34)
+30 REM Print some more doublequotes
+40 PRINT """"
+50 REM Output the word hello enclosed in doublequotes
+60 PRINT """Hello"""

Task/Literals-String/BBC-BASIC/literals-string.bbc

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+      PRINT "This is a ""quoted string"""

Task/Literals-String/Befunge/literals-string.bf

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+"gnirts">:#,_@

Task/Literals-String/C/literals-string-1.c

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+char ch = 'z';

Task/Literals-String/C/literals-string-2.c

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+char str[] = "z";

Task/Literals-String/C/literals-string-3.c

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+char lines[] = "line 1\n"
+ "line 2\n"
+ "line 3\n";

Task/Literals-String/C/literals-string-4.c

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+#define FOO  "prefix_"##MY_SYMBOL##"_suffix"

Task/Literals-String/Clojure/literals-string-1.clj

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+[\h \e \l \l \o] ; a vector of characters
+\uXXXX           ; where XXXX is some hex Unicode code point
+\\               ; the backslash character literal

Task/Literals-String/Clojure/literals-string-2.clj

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+\space
+\newline
+\tab
+\formfeed
+\return
+\backspace

Task/Literals-String/Clojure/literals-string-3.clj

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+"hello world\r\n"

Task/Literals-String/Common-Lisp/literals-string.lisp

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+(let ((colon #\:)
+      (str "http://www.rosettacode.com/"))
+   (format t "colon found at position ~d~%" (position colon str)))

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-1.d

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+char c = 'a';

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-2.d

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+auto str = "hello";   // UTF-8
+auto str2 = "hello"c;  // UTF-8
+auto str3 = "hello"w; // UTF-16
+auto str4 = "hello"d; // UTF-32

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-3.d

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+auto str = `"Hello," he said.`;
+auto str2 = r"\n is slash-n";

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-4.d

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+// Any character is allowed after the first quote;
+// the string ends with that same character followed
+// by a quote.
+auto str = q"$"Hello?" he enquired.$";

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-5.d

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+// If you include a newline, you get a heredoc string:
+auto otherStr = q"EOS
+This is part of the string.
+    So is this.
+EOS";

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-6.d

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+// The contents of a token string must be valid code fragments.
+auto str = q{int i = 5;};
+// The contents here isn't a legal token in D, so it's an error:
+auto illegal = q{@?};

Task/Literals-String/D/literals-string-7.d

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+// assigns value 'hello' to str
+auto str = x"68 65 6c 6c 6f";

Task/Literals-String/DWScript/literals-string.dwscript

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+const s1 := 'quoted "word" in string';
+const s2 := "quoted ""word"" in string"; // sames as s1, shows the doubling of the delimiter
+const s2 := 'first line'#13#10'second line';   // CR+LF in the middle

Task/Literals-String/Delphi/literals-string.delphi

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+var
+  lChar: Char;
+  lLine: string;
+  lMultiLine: string;
+begin
+  lChar := 'a';
+  lLine := 'some text';
+  lMultiLine := 'some text' + #13#10 + 'on two lines';

Task/Literals-String/E/literals-string-1.e

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+'T'                           # character
+"The quick brown fox"         # string
+`The $kind brown fox`         # "simple" quasiliteral
+term`the($adjectives*, fox)`  # "term" quasiliteral

Task/Literals-String/E/literals-string-2.e

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+? if ("<abc,def>" =~ `<@a,@b>`) { [a, b] } else { null }
+# value: ["abc", "def"]
+
+? if (" >abc, def< " =~ rx`\W*(@a\w+)\W+(@b\w+)\W*`) { [a, b] } else { null }
+# value: ["abc", "def"]

Task/Literals-String/Erlang/literals-string-1.erl

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+"This is a string".
+[$T,$h,$i,$s,$ ,$a,$ ,$s,$t,$r,$i,$n,$g,$,,$ ,$t,$o,$o].

Task/Literals-String/Erlang/literals-string-2.erl

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+97 == $a. % => true

Task/Literals-String/Erlang/literals-string-3.erl

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+"\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\"".

Task/Literals-String/Forth/literals-string-1.fth

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+char c   emit
+s" string"   type

Task/Literals-String/Forth/literals-string-2.fth

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+: main
+  [char] c   emit
+  s" string"   type ;

Task/Literals-String/Forth/literals-string-3.fth

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+'c emit
+s\" hello\nthere!"

Task/Literals-String/GAP/literals-string.gap

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+IsChar('a');
+# true
+IsString("abc");
+# true
+IsString('a');
+# false
+IsChar("a");
+# false

Task/Literals-String/Go/literals-string-1.go

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+ch := 'z'

Task/Literals-String/Go/literals-string-2.go

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+ch := 'z'          // by default, ch takes type int32
+var r rune = 'z'   // reflect.TypeOf(r) still returns int32
+var b byte = 'z'   // reflect.TypeOf(b) returns uint8
+b2 := byte('z')    // equivalent to b
+const c byte = 'z' // c is now a "typed constant"
+b3 := c            // equivalent to b

Task/Literals-String/Go/literals-string-3.go

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+str := "z"

Task/Literals-String/Go/literals-string-4.go

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+str := "日本語"

Task/Literals-String/Go/literals-string-5.go

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+`\n` == "\\n"

Task/Literals-String/Go/literals-string-6.go

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+`abc
+def` == "abc\ndef"

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-1.groovy

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+def string = 'Able was I'

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-2.groovy

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+def gString = "${string} ere I saw Elba"
+
+println gString
+
+//Outputs:
+//Able was I ere I saw Elba

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-3.groovy

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+def gString2 = "1 + 1 = ${1 + 1}"
+assert gString2 == '1 + 1 = 2'
+
+def gString3 = "1 + 1 = \${1 + 1}"
+assert gString3 == '1 + 1 = ${1 + 1}'

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-4.groovy

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+def multiLineString = '''
+A man
+A plan
+A canal
+'''
+
+def multiLineGString = """
+${multiLineString.trim()}:
+Panama!
+"""
+
+println multiLineGString
+
+//Outputs:
+//
+//A man
+//A plan
+//A canal:
+//Panama!
+//

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-5.groovy

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+def regexString = /(\[[Tt]itle\]|\[[Ss]ubject\])${10 * 5}/
+
+assert regexString == '(\\[[Tt]itle\\]|\\[[Ss]ubject\\])50'

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-6.groovy

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+assert 'a' instanceof String
+assert ('a' as char) instanceof Character
+assert ((char)'a') instanceof Character
+
+char x = 'a'
+assert x instanceof Character
+Character y = 'b'
+assert y instanceof Character && (x+1 == y)

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-7.groovy

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+def quote = "\""
+def apostrophe = '\''

Task/Literals-String/Groovy/literals-string-8.groovy

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+def quote2 = '"'
+def apostrophe2 = "'"
+assert quote == quote2
+assert apostrophe == apostrophe2

Task/Literals-String/Haskell/literals-string.hs

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+"abcdef" == "abc\
+            \def"
+
+"abc\ndef" == "abc\n\
+              \def"

Task/Literals-String/HicEst/literals-string-1.hicest

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+CHARACTER c1='A', c2="B", c3=&C&
+CHARACTER str1='single quotes', str2="double quotes", str3*100
+
+str3 = % delimit "Nested 'strings' " if needed %

Task/Literals-String/HicEst/literals-string-2.hicest

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+str3 = 'a string' // CHAR(0) // "may contain" // $CRLF // ~ any character ~

Task/Literals-String/HicEst/literals-string-3.hicest

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+$TAB == CHAR(9)               ! evaluates to 1 (true)
+$LF  == CHAR(10)
+$CR  == CHAR(13)
+$CRLF == CHAR(13) // CHAR(10) ! concatenation

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-1.idl

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+a = " that's a string "
+b = ' a "string" is this '

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-2.idl

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+a = " that's a string

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-3.idl

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+a = ' that<nowiki>''</nowiki>s a string
+print,a
+;==>  that's a string

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-4.idl

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+b = 'hello'
+a = b+' world
+print,a
+;==>  hello world

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-5.idl

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+print,'777'x
+;==>   1911
+print,'777'o
+;==>    511
+print,'777'
+;==>    777

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-6.idl

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+print,"777
+;==>    511
+print,"877
+;==>    877

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-7.idl

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+a = "0"
+;==> Syntax error.

Task/Literals-String/IDL/literals-string-8.idl

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+crlf = string([13b,10b])

Task/Literals-String/Icon/literals-string.icon

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+procedure main()
+
+   # strings are variable length are not NUL terminated
+   # at this time there is no support for unicode or multi-byte charactersets
+
+   c1 := 'aaab'                                          # not a string - cset
+   s1 := "aaab"                                          # string
+   s2 := "\"aaab\b\d\e\f\n\l\n\r\t\v\'\"\\\000\x00\^c"   # with escapes and imbedded zero
+
+   # no native variable substitution, a printf library function is available in the IPL
+
+   every x := c1|s1|s2 do                                # show them
+      write(" size=",*x,", type=", type(x),", value=", image(x))
+end

Task/Literals-String/Inform-7/literals-string-1.inf

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+Home is a room. The description is "This is where you live...
+
+...with your [number of animals in Home] pet[s]."

Task/Literals-String/Inform-7/literals-string-2.inf

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+"'That's nice,' said the captain."

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-1.j

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+'x'                   NB.  Scalar character
+'string'              NB.  List of characters, i.e. a string
+'can''t get simpler'  NB.  Embedded single-quote

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-2.j

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+'Here is line 1',LF,'and line two'
+
+'On a mac, you need',CR,'a carriage return'
+
+'And on windows, ',CRLF,'you need both'
+
+TAB,TAB,TAB,'Everyone loves tabs!'

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-3.j

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+CR   =:  13 { a.
+LF   =:  10 { a.
+CRLF =:  CR,LF     NB.  Or just  10 13 { a.
+TAB  =:  9 { a.

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-4.j

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+NAME =:  'John Q. Public'
+'Hello, ',NAME,' you may have already won $1,000,000'

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-5.j

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+template =: noun define
+Hello, NAME.
+
+My name is SHYSTER, and I'm here to tell
+you that you my have already won $AMOUNT!!
+
+To collect your winnings, please send $PAYMENT
+to ADDRESS.
+)

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-6.j

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+load 'strings'
+
+name    =:  'John Q. Public'
+shyster =:  'Ed McMahon'
+amount  =:  1e6
+payment =:  2 * amount
+address =:  'Publisher''s Clearing House'
+
+targets =:  ;:   'NAME SHYSTER AMOUNT PAYMENT ADDRESS'
+sources =:  ":&.> name;shyster;amount;payment;address
+
+message =: template rplc targets,.sources

Task/Literals-String/J/literals-string-7.j

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+   load 'printf'
+
+   'This should look %d%% familiar \nto programmers of %s.' sprintf 99;'C'
+This should look 99% familiar
+to programmers of C.

Task/Literals-String/Java/literals-string.java

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+  char a = 'a';  // prints as: a
+  String b = "abc";  // prints as: abc
+  char doubleQuote = '"';  // prints as: "
+  char singleQuote = '\'';  // prints as: '
+  String singleQuotes = "''";  // prints as: ''
+  String doubleQuotes = "\"\"";  // prints as: ""

Task/Literals-String/LaTeX/literals-string.tex

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+`a' is for ``apple'''''''

Task/Literals-String/Liberty-BASIC/literals-string.liberty

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+'Liberty BASIC does not support escape characters within literal strings.
+print "Quotation mark:"
+print chr$(34)
+print
+
+'Print literal string
+print "Hello, World."
+'Print literal string displaying quotation marks.
+print chr$(34);"Hello, World.";chr$(34)

Task/Literals-String/Lisaac/literals-string-1.lisaac

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+c1 := 'a';
+c2 := '\n'; // newline
+c3 := '\''; // quote
+c4 := '\101o'; // octal
+c5 := '\10\'; // decimal
+c6 := '\0Ah\'; // hexadecimal
+c7 := '\10010110b\'; // binary

Task/Literals-String/Lisaac/literals-string-2.lisaac

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+s1 := "this is a\nsample"; // newline
+s2 := "\""; // double quote
+s3 := "abc\
+      \xyz"; // "abcxyz", cut the gap

Task/Literals-String/Logo/literals-string.logo

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+print "Hello\,\ world
+print "|Hello, world|

Task/Literals-String/Lua/literals-string.lua

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+singlequotestring = 'can contain "double quotes"'
+doublequotestring = "can contain 'single quotes'"
+longstring = [[can contain
+               newlines]]
+longstring2 = [==[ can contain [[ other ]=] longstring " and ' string [===[ qualifiers]==]

Task/Literals-String/M4/literals-string-1.m4

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+`this is quoted string'

Task/Literals-String/M4/literals-string-2.m4

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+changequote(`[',`]')dnl
+[this is a quoted string]

Task/Literals-String/MATLAB/literals-string.m

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+    s1 = 'abcd'   % simple string
+    s2 = 'ab''cd'   % string containing a single quote

Task/Literals-String/ML-I/literals-string-1.ml

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+MCSKIP "WITH" NL
+"" Literals/String
+MCINS %.
+MCSKIP MT,<>
+"" Demonstration of literal string
+MCDEF Bob AS Alice
+"" The following two lines both mention Bob. The first line is
+"" evaluated, but the second is surrounded by literal brackets and is not
+"" evaluated.
+This is the first mention of Bob
+<and here we mention Bob again>

Task/Literals-String/ML-I/literals-string-2.ml

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+This is the first mention of Alice
+and here we mention Bob again

Task/Literals-String/Maple/literals-string-1.maple

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+> "foobar";
+                                "foobar"
+
+> "foo\nbar"; # string with a newline
+"foo
+    bar"
+
+> "c"; # a character
+                                  "c"

Task/Literals-String/Maple/literals-string-2.maple

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+> "foo"   "bar";
+                                "foobar"