2016 Update

Task/Substring/00DESCRIPTION

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ In this task display a substring:
 * starting from a known character within the string and of <tt>m</tt> length;
 * starting from a known substring within the string and of <tt>m</tt> length.
 
+<br>
 If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point,
 whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it.
-The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters.
+
+The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16.
+
+Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters.
+<br><br>

Task/Substring/AppleScript/substring.applescript

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+-- SUBSTRING PRIMITIVES
+
+--  take :: Int -> Text -> Text
+on take(n, s)
+    text 1 thru n of s
+end take
+
+--  drop :: Int -> Text -> Text
+on drop(n, s)
+    text (n + 1) thru -1 of s
+end drop
+
+-- breakOn :: Text -> Text -> (Text, Text)
+on breakOn(strPattern, s)
+    set {dlm, my text item delimiters} to {my text item delimiters, strPattern}
+    set lstParts to text items of s
+    set my text item delimiters to dlm
+    {item 1 of lstParts, strPattern & (item 2 of lstParts)}
+end breakOn
+
+--  init :: Text -> Text
+on init(s)
+    if length of s > 0 then
+        text 1 thru -2 of s
+    else
+        missing value
+    end if
+end init
+
+
+-- TEST
+
+on run
+    set str to "一二三四五六七八九十"
+
+    set legends to {¬
+        "from n in, of n length", ¬
+        "from n in, up to end", ¬
+        "all but last", ¬
+        "from matching char, of m length", ¬
+        "from matching string, of m length"}
+
+    set parts to {¬
+        take(3, drop(4, str)), ¬
+        drop(3, str), ¬
+        init(str), ¬
+        take(3, item 2 of breakOn("五", str)), ¬
+        take(4, item 2 of breakOn("六七", str))}
+
+    script tabulate
+        property strPad : "                                        "
+
+        on lambda(l, r)
+            l & drop(length of l, strPad) & r
+        end lambda
+    end script
+
+    linefeed & intercalate(linefeed, ¬
+        zipWith(tabulate, ¬
+            legends, parts)) & linefeed
+end run
+
+
+
+-- GENERIC LIBRARY FUNCTIONS – FOR FORMATTING RESULTS
+
+-- zipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
+on zipWith(f, xs, ys)
+    set lng to length of xs
+    if lng is not length of ys then
+        missing value
+    else
+        tell mReturn(f)
+            set lst to {}
+            repeat with i from 1 to lng
+                set end of lst to lambda(item i of xs, item i of ys)
+            end repeat
+            return lst
+        end tell
+    end if
+end zipWith
+
+-- intercalate :: Text -> [Text] -> Text
+on intercalate(strText, lstText)
+    set {dlm, my text item delimiters} to {my text item delimiters, strText}
+    set strJoined to lstText as text
+    set my text item delimiters to dlm
+    return strJoined
+end intercalate
+
+-- Lift 2nd class handler function into 1st class script wrapper
+-- mReturn :: Handler -> Script
+on mReturn(f)
+    if class of f is script then
+        f
+    else
+        script
+            property lambda : f
+        end script
+    end if
+end mReturn

Task/Substring/BASIC/substring-3.basic

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+10 LET A$="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz": LET la=LEN A$
+20 LET n=10: LET m=7
+30 PRINT A$(n TO n+m-1)
+40 PRINT A$(n TO )
+50 PRINT A$( TO la-1)
+60 FOR i=1 TO la
+70 IF A$(i)="g" THEN PRINT A$(i TO i+m-1): LET i=la
+80 NEXT i
+90 LET B$="ijk": LET lb=LEN b$
+100 FOR i=1 TO la-lb+1
+110 IF A$(i TO i+lb-1)=B$ THEN PRINT A$(i TO i+m-1): LET i=la-lb+1
+120 NEXT i

Task/Substring/COBOL/substring.cobol

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+       identification division.
+       program-id. substring.
+
+       environment division.
+       configuration section.
+       repository.
+           function all intrinsic.
+
+       data division.
+       working-storage section.
+       01 original.
+          05 value "this is a string".
+       01 starting  pic 99 value 3.
+       01 width     pic 99 value 8.
+       01 pos       pic 99.
+       01 ender     pic 99.
+       01 looking   pic 99.
+       01 indicator pic x.
+          88 found  value high-value when set to false is low-value.
+       01 look-for  pic x(8).
+
+       procedure division.
+       substring-main.
+
+       display "Original |" original "|, n = " starting " m = " width
+       display original(starting : width)
+       display original(starting :)
+       display original(1 : length(original) - 1)
+
+       move "a" to look-for
+       move 1 to looking
+       perform find-position
+       if found
+           display original(pos : width)
+       end-if
+
+       move "is a st" to look-for
+       move length(trim(look-for)) to looking
+       perform find-position
+       if found
+           display original(pos : width)
+       end-if
+       goback.
+
+       find-position.
+       set found to false
+       compute ender = length(original) - looking
+       perform varying pos from 1 by 1 until pos > ender
+           if original(pos : looking) equal look-for then
+               set found to true
+               exit perform
+           end-if
+       end-perform
+       .
+
+       end program substring.

Task/Substring/Elena/substring.elena

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#import system.
+#import extensions.
+
+#symbol program =
+[
+    #var s := "0123456789".
+    #var n := 3.
+    #var m := 2.
+    #var c := #51.
+    #var z := "345".
+
+    console writeLine:(s Substring:m &at:n).
+    console writeLine:(s Substring:(s length - n) &at:n).
+    console writeLine:(s Substring:(s length - 1) &at:0).
+    console writeLine:(s Substring:m &at:(s indexOf:c &at:0)).
+    console writeLine:(s Substring:m &at:(s indexOf:z &at:0)).
+].

Task/Substring/Elixir/substring.elixir

@@ -3,3 +3,10 @@ String.slice(s, 2, 3)           #=> "cde"
 String.slice(s, 1..3)           #=> "bcd"
 String.slice(s, -3, 2)          #=> "fg"
 String.slice(s, 3..-1)          #=> "defgh"
+
+# UTF-8
+s = "αβγδεζηθ"
+String.slice(s, 2, 3)           #=> "γδε"
+String.slice(s, 1..3)           #=> "βγδ"
+String.slice(s, -3, 2)          #=> "ζη"
+String.slice(s, 3..-1)          #=> "δεζηθ"

Task/Substring/JavaScript/substring-2.js

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+(function () {
+    'use strict';
+
+    //  take :: Int -> Text -> Text
+    function take(n, s) {
+        return s.substr(0, n);
+    }
+
+    //  drop :: Int -> Text -> Text
+    function drop(n, s) {
+        return s.substr(n);
+    }
+
+
+    // init :: Text -> Text
+    function init(s) {
+        var n = s.length;
+        return (n > 0 ? s.substr(0, n - 1) : undefined);
+    }
+
+    // breakOn :: Text -> Text -> (Text, Text)
+    function breakOn(strPattern, s) {
+        var i = s.indexOf(strPattern);
+        return i === -1 ? [strPattern, ''] : [s.substr(0, i), s.substr(i)];
+    }
+
+
+    var str = '一二三四五六七八九十';
+
+
+    return JSON.stringify({
+
+        'from n in, of m length': (function (n, m) {
+            return take(m, drop(n, str));
+        })(4, 3),
+
+
+        'from n in, up to end' :(function (n) {
+            return drop(n, str);
+        })(3),
+
+
+        'all but last' : init(str),
+
+
+        'from matching char, of m length' : (function (pattern, s, n) {
+            return take(n, breakOn(pattern, s)[1]);
+        })('五', str, 3),
+
+
+        'from matching string, of m length':(function (pattern, s, n) {
+            return take(n, breakOn(pattern, s)[1]);
+        })('六七', str, 4)
+
+    }, null, 2);
+
+})();

Task/Substring/JavaScript/substring-3.js

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "from n in, of m length": "五六七",
+  "from n in, up to end": "四五六七八九十",
+  "all but last": "一二三四五六七八九",
+  "from matching char, of m length": "五六七",
+  "from matching string, of m length": "六七八九"
+}

Task/Substring/PARI-GP/substring.pari

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+\\ Returns the substring of string str specified by the start position s and length n.
+\\ If n=0 then to the end of str.
+\\ ssubstr() 3/5/16 aev
+ssubstr(str,s=1,n=0)={
+my(vt=Vecsmall(str),ve,vr,vtn=#str,n1);
+if(vtn==0,return(""));
+if(s<1||s>vtn,return(str));
+n1=vtn-s+1; if(n==0,n=n1); if(n>n1,n=n1);
+ve=vector(n,z,z-1+s); vr=vecextract(vt,ve); return(Strchr(vr));
+}
+
+{\\ TEST
+my(s="ABCDEFG",ns=#s);
+print(" *** Testing ssubstr():");
+print("1.",ssubstr(s,2,3));
+print("2.",ssubstr(s));
+print("3.",ssubstr(s,,ns-1));
+print("4.",ssubstr(s,2));
+print("5.",ssubstr(s,,4));
+print("6.",ssubstr(s,0,4));
+print("7.",ssubstr(s,3,7));
+print("8.|",ssubstr("",1,4),"|");
+}

Task/Substring/REXX/substring.rexx

@@ -1,37 +1,32 @@
-/*REXX program demonstrates various ways to extract substrings from a string of characters.  */
-s='abcdefghijk';  n=4;  m=3   /*define some REXX constants (string, index, length of string).*/
-say 'original string='s       /* [↑]   M   can be  zero    (which indicates a null string).  */
-                              say '──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────1'
-
-u=substr(s,n,m)               /*starting from  N  characters in and of  M  length.           */
+/*REXX program demonstrates various ways to extract substrings from a  string  of characters.*/
+$='abcdefghijk';  n=4;  m=3        /*define some constants: string, index, length of string. */
+say 'original string='$            /* [↑]   M   can be zero  (which indicates a null string).*/
+L=length($)                        /*the length of the  $  string   (in bytes or characters).*/
+              say center(1,30,'═') /*show a centered title for the  1st  task requirement.   */
+u=substr($, n, m)                  /*start from  N  characters in  and of  M  length.        */
 say u
-parse var s =(n) a +(m)       /*another way of doing the above by using the PARSE instruction*/
+parse var $ =(n) a +(m)            /*an alternate method by using the  PARSE  instruction.   */
 say a
-                              say '──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────2'
-
-u=substr(s,n)                 /*starting from  N  characters in,  up to the end-of-string.   */
+              say center(2,30,'═') /*show a centered title for the  2nd  task requirement.   */
+u=substr($,n)                      /*start from  N  characters in,  up to the end-of-string. */
 say u
-parse var s =(n) a            /*another way of doing the above by using the PARSE instruction*/
+parse var $ =(n) a                 /*an alternate method by using the  PARSE  instruction.   */
 say a
-                              say '──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────3'
-
-u=substr(s,1,length(s)-1)          /*OK:     the whole string  except  the last character.   */
+              say center(3,30,'═') /*show a centered title for the  3rd  task requirement.   */
+u=substr($, 1, L-1)                /*OK:     the entire string  except  the last character.  */
 say u
-v=substr(s,1,max(0,length(s)-1))   /*better: this version handles the case of a null string. */
+v=substr($, 1, max(0, L-1) )       /*better: this version handles the case of a null string. */
 say v
-L=length(s) - 1
-parse var s a +(L)            /*another way of doing the above by using the PARSE instruction*/
+lm=L-1
+parse var $ a +(lm)                /*an alternate method by using the  PARSE  instruction.   */
 say a
-                              say '──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────4'
-
-u=substr(s,pos('g',s),m)      /*starting from a known char   within the string & of M length.*/
+              say center(4,30,'═') /*show a centered title for the  4th  task requirement.   */
+u=substr($,pos('g',$), m)          /*start from a known char within the string of length  M. */
 say u
-parse var s 'g' a +(m)        /*another way of doing the above by using the PARSE instruction*/
+parse var $ 'g' a +(m)             /*an alternate method by using the  PARSE  instruction.   */
 say a
-                              say '──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────5'
-
-u=substr(s,pos('def',s),m)    /*starting from a known substr within the string & of M length.*/
+              say center(5,30,'═') /*show a centered title for the  5th  task requirement.   */
+u=substr($,pos('def',$),m)         /*start from a known substr within the string of length M.*/
 say u
-parse var s 'def' a +(m)      /*another way of doing the above by using the PARSE instruction*/
-say a
-                              /*stick a fork in it sir, we're all done and Bob's your uncle. */
+parse var $ 'def' a +(m)           /*an alternate method by using the  PARSE  instruction.   */
+say a                              /*stick a fork in it, we're all done and Bob's your uncle.*/