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Ingy döt Net 2023-07-01 11:58:00 -04:00
parent 72d218235f
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---
category:
- Sorting
from: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Compare_sorting_algorithms'_performance
note: Sorting Algorithms

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{{Sorting Algorithm}}
Measure a relative performance of sorting algorithms implementations.
Plot '''execution time vs. input sequence length''' dependencies for various implementation of sorting algorithm and different input sequence types ([[#Figures: log2( time in microseconds ) vs. log2( sequence length )|example figures]]).
Consider three type of input sequences:
:*   ones: sequence of all ''1'''s.   Example: {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
:*   range: ascending sequence, i.e. already sorted.   Example: {1, 2, 3, 10, 15}
:*   shuffled range: sequence with elements randomly distributed.   Example: {5, 3, 9, 6, 8}
Consider at least two different sorting functions (different algorithms or/and different implementation of the same algorithm).
For example, consider [[Bubble Sort]], [[Insertion sort]], [[Quicksort]] or/and implementations of Quicksort with different pivot selection mechanisms.   Where possible, use existing implementations.
Preliminary subtask:
:*   [[Bubble Sort]], [[Insertion sort]], [[Quicksort]], [[Radix sort]], [[Shell sort]]
:*   [[Query Performance]]
:*   [[Write float arrays to a text file]]
:*   [[Plot x, y arrays]]
:*   [[Polynomial Fitting]]
General steps:
:#   Define sorting routines to be considered.
:#   Define appropriate sequence generators and write timings.
:#   Plot timings.
:#   What conclusions about relative performance of the sorting routines could be made based on the plots?
<br><br>

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; BUGGY - FIX
#Persistent
#SingleInstance OFF
SetBatchLines, -1
SortMethods := "Bogo,Bubble,Cocktail,Counting,Gnome,Insertion,Merge,Permutation,Quick,Selection,Shell,BuiltIn"
Gui, Add, Edit, vInput, numbers,separated,by,commas,without,spaces,afterwards
Loop, PARSE, SortMethods, `,
Gui, Add, CheckBox, v%A_LoopField%, %A_LoopField% Sort
Gui, Add, Button, gTest, Test!
Gui, Show,, SortTest!
Return
Test:
SplashTextOn,,, Test Commencing
Sleep 2500
SplashTextOff
Gui, +OwnDialogs
Gui, Submit, NoHide
Loop, PARSE, SortMethods, `,
{
If (%A_LoopField%)
{
DllCall("QueryPerformanceCounter", "Int64 *", %A_LoopField%Begin)
%A_LoopField%Out := %A_LoopField%Sort(Input)
DllCall("QueryPerformanceCounter", "Int64 *", %A_LoopField%Time)
%A_LoopField%End := %A_LoopField%Begin + %A_LoopField%Time
%A_LoopField%Time -= %A_LoopField%Begin
}
}
Time := ""
Loop, PARSE, SortMethods, `,
If (%A_LoopField%)
Time .= A_LoopField . " Sort: " . %A_LoopField%Time . "`t`t" . %A_LoopField%Out . "`r`n"
MsgBox,, Results!, %Time%
Return
; Sorting funtions (Bogo, Bubble, Cocktail, Counting, Gnome, Insertion, Merge, Permutation, Quick, Selection, Shell, BuiltIn):
BogoSort(var)
{
sorted := 1
Loop, Parse, var
{
current := A_LoopField
rest := SubStr(var, A_Index)
Loop, Parse, rest
{
If (current > A_LoopField)
sorted := 0
}
}
While !sorted {
sorted := 1
Loop, Parse, var, `,
{
current := A_LoopField
rest := SubStr(var, A_Index)
Loop, Parse, rest, `,
{
If (current > A_LoopField)
sorted := 0
}
}
Sort, var, D`, Random
}
Return var
}
BubbleSort(var)
{
StringSplit, array, var, `,
hasChanged = 1
size := array0
While hasChanged
{
hasChanged = 0
Loop, % (size - 1)
{
i := array%A_Index%
aj := A_Index + 1
j := array%aj%
If (j < i)
{
temp := array%A_Index%
array%A_Index% := array%aj%
array%aj% := temp
hasChanged = 1
}
}
}
Loop, % size
sorted .= "," . array%A_Index%
Return substr(sorted,2)
}
CocktailSort(var)
{
StringSplit array, var, `,
i0 := 1, i1 := array0
Loop
{
Changed =
Loop % i1-- -i0 {
j := i0+A_Index, i := j-1
If (array%j% < array%i%)
t := array%i%, array%i% := array%j%, array%j% := t
,Changed = 1
}
IfEqual Changed,, Break
Loop % i1-i0++
{
i := i1-A_Index, j := i+1
If (array%j% < array%i%)
t := array%i%, array%i% := array%j%, array%j% := t
,Changed = 1
}
IfEqual Changed,, Break
}
Loop % array0
sorted .= "," . array%A_Index%
Return SubStr(sorted,2)
}
CountingSort(var)
{
max := min := substr(var, 1, instr(var, ","))
Loop, parse, var, `,
{
If (A_LoopField > max)
max := A_LoopField
Else If (A_LoopField < min)
min := A_LoopField
}
Loop % max-min+1
i := A_Index-1, a%i% := 0
Loop, Parse, var, `,
i := A_LoopField-min, a%i%++
Loop % max-min+1
{
i := A_Index-1, v := i+min
Loop % a%i%
t .= "," v
}
Return SubStr(t,2)
}
GnomeSort(var) {
StringSplit, a, var, `,
i := 2, j := 3
While i <= a0 {
u := i-1
If (a%u% < a%i%)
i := j, j := j+1
Else {
t := a%u%, a%u% := a%i%, a%i% := t
If (--i = 1)
i := j, j++
}
}
Loop % a0
sorted .= "," . a%A_Index%
Return SubStr(sorted,2)
}
InsertionSort(var) {
StringSplit, a, var, `,
Loop % a0-1 {
i := A_Index+1, v := a%i%, j := i-1
While j>0 and a%j%>v
u := j+1, a%u% := a%j%, j--
u := j+1, a%u% := v
}
Loop % a0
sorted .= "," . a%A_Index%
Return SubStr(sorted,2)
}
MergeSort(var) {
StringReplace, t, var, `,,, UseErrorLevel
L := ((t = "") ? 0 : ErrorLevel+1)
If (2 > L)
Return var
StringGetPos, p, var, `,, % "L" L//2
list0 := MergeSort(SubStr(var,1,p))
list1 := MergeSort(SubStr(var,p+2))
If (list0 = "")
Return list1
Else If (list1 = "")
Return list0
list := list0
i0 := (p0 := InStr(list,",",0,i:=p0+1)) ? SubStr(list,i,p0-i) : SubStr(list,i)
list := list1
i1 := (p1 := InStr(list,",",0,i:=p1+1)) ? SubStr(list,i,p1-i) : SubStr(list,i)
Loop {
i := i0>i1
list .= "," i%i%
If (p%i%) {
list := list%i%
i%i% := (p%i% := InStr(list,",",0,i:=p%i%+1)) ? SubStr(list,i,p%i%-i) : SubStr(list,i)
}
Else {
i ^= 1
rtv := SubStr(list "," i%i% (p%i% ? "," SubStr(list%i%,p%i%+1) : ""), 2)
}
}
Return rtv
}
PermutationSort(var) {
static a:="a",v:="v"
StringSplit, a, var, `,
v0 := a0
Loop %v0%
v%A_Index% := A_Index
unsorted := 0
Loop % %a%0-1 {
i := %v%%A_Index%, j := A_Index+1, j := %v%%j%
If (%a%%i% > %a%%j%)
unSorted := 1
}
While unSorted {
i := %v%0, i1 := i-1
While %v%%i1% >= %v%%i% {
--i, --i1
IfLess i1,1, Return 1
}
j := %v%0
While %v%%j% <= %v%%i1%
--j
t := %v%%i1%, %v%%i1% := %v%%j%, %v%%j% := t, j := %v%0
While i < j
t := %v%%i%, %v%%i% := %v%%j%, %v%%j% := t, ++i, --j
unsorted := 0
Loop % %a%0-1 {
i := %v%%A_Index%, j := A_Index+1, j := %v%%j%
If (%a%%i% > %a%%j%)
unSorted := 1
}
}
Loop % a0
i := v%A_Index%, sorted .= "," . a%i%
Return SubStr(sorted,2)
}
QuickSort(var)
{
StringSplit, list, var, `,
If (list0 <= 1)
Return list
pivot := list1
Loop, Parse, var, `,
{
If (A_LoopField < pivot)
less .= "," . A_LoopField
Else If (A_LoopField > pivot)
more .= "," . A_LoopField
Else
pivotlist .= "," . A_LoopField
}
less := QuickSort(substr(less,2))
more := QuickSort(substr(more,2))
Return substr(less,2) . pivotList . more
}
SelectionSort(var) {
StringSplit, a, var, `,
Loop % a0-1 {
i := A_Index, mn := a%i%, j := m := i
Loop % a0-i {
j++
If (a%j% < mn)
mn := a%j%, m := j
}
t := a%i%, a%i% := a%m%, a%m% := t
}
Loop % a0
sorted .= "," . a%A_Index%
Return SubStr(sorted,2)
}
ShellSort(var) {
StringSplit, a, var, `,
inc := a0
While inc:=round(inc/2.2)
Loop % a0-inc {
i := A_Index+inc, t := a%i%, j := i, k := j-inc
While j > inc && a%k% > t
a%j% := a%k%, j := k, k -= inc
a%j% := t
}
Loop % a0
s .= "," . a%A_Index%
Return SubStr(s,2)
}
BuiltInSort(var) {
Sort, var, N D`,
Return var
}

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HIMEM = PAGE + 2000000
INSTALL @lib$+"SORTLIB"
INSTALL @lib$+"TIMERLIB"
Sort% = FN_sortinit(0,0)
Timer% = FN_ontimer(1000, PROCtimer, 1)
PRINT "Array size:", 1000, 10000, 100000
@% = &2020A
FOR patt% = 1 TO 4
CASE patt% OF
WHEN 1: PRINT '"Data set to all ones:"
WHEN 2: PRINT '"Data ascending sequence:"
WHEN 3: PRINT '"Data randomly shuffled:"
WHEN 4: PRINT '"Data descending sequence:"
ENDCASE
FOR type% = 1 TO 6
CASE type% OF
WHEN 1: PRINT "Internal (lib)";
WHEN 2: PRINT "Quicksort ";
WHEN 3: PRINT "Radix sort ";
WHEN 4: PRINT "Shellsort ";
WHEN 5: PRINT "Bubblesort ";
WHEN 6: PRINT "Insertion sort";
ENDCASE
FOR power% = 3 TO 5
PROCsorttest(patt%, type%, 10^power%)
NEXT
PRINT
NEXT type%
NEXT patt%
END
DEF PROCsorttest(patt%, type%, size%)
LOCAL a%(), C%, I%
DIM a%(size%-1)
CASE patt% OF
WHEN 1: a%() = 1 : a%() = 1
WHEN 2: FOR I% = 0 TO size%-1 : a%(I%) = I% : NEXT
WHEN 3: FOR I% = 0 TO size%-1 : a%(I%) = I% : NEXT
C% = RND(-123456) : REM Seed
FOR I% = size% TO 2 STEP -1 : SWAP a%(I%-1),a%(RND(I%)-1) : NEXT
WHEN 4: FOR I% = 0 TO size%-1 : a%(I%) = size%-1-I% : NEXT
ENDCASE
Start% = TIME
ON ERROR LOCAL PRINT , " >100.00" ; : ENDPROC
CASE type% OF
WHEN 1: C% = size% : CALL Sort%, a%(0)
WHEN 2: PROCquicksort(a%(), 0, size%)
WHEN 3: PROCradixsort(a%(), size%, 10)
WHEN 4: PROCshellsort(a%(), size%)
WHEN 5: PROCbubblesort(a%(), size%)
WHEN 6: PROCinsertionsort(a%(), size%)
ENDCASE
PRINT , (TIME - Start%)/100;
FOR I% = 0 TO size%-2
IF a%(I%) > a%(I%+1) ERROR 100, "Sort failed!"
NEXT
ENDPROC
DEF PROCtimer
Start% += 0
IF (TIME - Start%) > 10000 ERROR 111, ""
ENDPROC
DEF PROCbubblesort(a%(), n%)
LOCAL i%, l%
REPEAT
l% = 0
FOR i% = 1 TO n%-1
IF a%(i%-1) > a%(i%) THEN
SWAP a%(i%-1),a%(i%)
l% = i%
ENDIF
NEXT
n% = l%
UNTIL l% = 0
ENDPROC
DEF PROCinsertionsort(a%(), n%)
LOCAL i%, j%, t%
FOR i% = 1 TO n%-1
t% = a%(i%)
j% = i%
WHILE j%>0 AND t%<a%(ABS(j%-1))
a%(j%) = a%(j%-1)
j% -= 1
ENDWHILE
a%(j%) = t%
NEXT
ENDPROC
DEF PROCquicksort(a%(), s%, n%)
LOCAL l%, p%, r%, t%
IF n% < 2 THEN ENDPROC
t% = s% + n% - 1
l% = s%
r% = t%
p% = a%((l% + r%) DIV 2)
REPEAT
WHILE a%(l%) < p% l% += 1 : ENDWHILE
WHILE a%(r%) > p% r% -= 1 : ENDWHILE
IF l% <= r% THEN
SWAP a%(l%), a%(r%)
l% += 1
r% -= 1
ENDIF
UNTIL l% > r%
IF s% < r% PROCquicksort(a%(), s%, r% - s% + 1)
IF l% < t% PROCquicksort(a%(), l%, t% - l% + 1 )
ENDPROC
DEF PROCshellsort(a%(), n%)
LOCAL h%, i%, j%, k%
h% = n%
WHILE h%
IF h% = 2 h% = 1 ELSE h% DIV= 2.2
FOR i% = h% TO n% - 1
k% = a%(i%)
j% = i%
WHILE j% >= h% AND k% < a%(ABS(j% - h%))
a%(j%) = a%(j% - h%)
j% -= h%
ENDWHILE
a%(j%) = k%
NEXT
ENDWHILE
ENDPROC
DEF PROCradixsort(a%(), n%, r%)
LOCAL d%, e%, i%, l%, m%, b%(), bucket%()
DIM b%(DIM(a%(),1)), bucket%(r%-1)
FOR i% = 0 TO n%-1
IF a%(i%) < l% l% = a%(i%)
IF a%(i%) > m% m% = a%(i%)
NEXT
a%() -= l%
m% -= l%
e% = 1
WHILE m% DIV e%
bucket%() = 0
FOR i% = 0 TO n%-1
bucket%(a%(i%) DIV e% MOD r%) += 1
NEXT
FOR i% = 1 TO r%-1
bucket%(i%) += bucket%(i% - 1)
NEXT
FOR i% = n%-1 TO 0 STEP -1
d% = a%(i%) DIV e% MOD r%
bucket%(d%) -= 1
b%(bucket%(d%)) = a%(i%)
NEXT
a%() = b%()
e% *= r%
ENDWHILE
a%() += l%
ENDPROC

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#ifndef _CSEQUENCE_H
#define _CSEQUENCE_H
#include <stdlib.h>
void setfillconst(double c);
void fillwithconst(double *v, int n);
void fillwithrrange(double *v, int n);
void shuffledrange(double *v, int n);
#endif

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#include "csequence.h"
static double fill_constant;
void setfillconst(double c)
{
fill_constant = c;
}
void fillwithconst(double *v, int n)
{
while( --n >= 0 ) v[n] = fill_constant;
}
void fillwithrrange(double *v, int n)
{
int on = n;
while( --on >= 0 ) v[on] = n - on;
}
void shuffledrange(double *v, int n)
{
int on = n;
fillwithrrange(v, n);
while( --n >= 0 ) {
int r = rand() % on;
double t = v[n];
v[n] = v[r];
v[r] = t;
}
}

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#ifndef _WRITETIMINGS_H
#define _WRITETIMINGS_H
#include "sorts.h"
#include "csequence.h"
#include "timeit.h"
/* we repeat the same MEANREPEAT times, and get the mean; this *should*
give "better" results ... */
#define MEANREPEAT 10.0
#define BUFLEN 128
#define MAKEACTION(ALGO) \
int action_ ## ALGO (int size) { \
ALGO ## _sort(tobesorted, size); \
return 0; }
#define MAKEPIECE(N) { #N , action_ ## N }
int action_bubble(int size);
int action_shell(int size);
int action_quick(int size);
int action_insertion(int size);
int action_merge(int size);
int doublecompare( const void *a, const void *b );
int action_qsort(int size);
int get_the_longest(int *a);
struct testpiece
{
const char *name;
int (*action)(int);
};
typedef struct testpiece testpiece_t;
struct seqdef
{
const char *name;
void (*seqcreator)(double *, int);
};
typedef struct seqdef seqdef_t;
#endif

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "writetimings.h"
double *tobesorted = NULL;
const char *bname = "data_";
const char *filetempl = "%s%s_%s.dat";
int datlengths[] = {100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 50000, 100000};
testpiece_t testpieces[] =
{
// MAKEPIECE(bubble),
MAKEPIECE(shell),
MAKEPIECE(merge),
MAKEPIECE(insertion),
MAKEPIECE(quick),
MAKEPIECE(qsort),
{ NULL, NULL }
};
seqdef_t seqdefs[] =
{
{ "c1", fillwithconst },
{ "rr", fillwithrrange },
{ "sr", shuffledrange },
{ NULL, NULL }
};
MAKEACTION(bubble)
MAKEACTION(insertion)
MAKEACTION(quick)
MAKEACTION(shell)
int action_merge(int size)
{
double *res = merge_sort(tobesorted, size);
free(res); /* unluckly this affects performance */
return 0;
}
int doublecompare( const void *a, const void *b )
{
if ( *(const double *)a < *(const double *)b ) return -1;
else return *(const double *)a > *(const double *)b;
}
int action_qsort(int size)
{
qsort(tobesorted, size, sizeof(double), doublecompare);
return 0;
}
int get_the_longest(int *a)
{
int r = *a;
while( *a > 0 ) {
if ( *a > r ) r = *a;
a++;
}
return r;
}
int main()
{
int i, j, k, z, lenmax;
char buf[BUFLEN];
FILE *out;
double thetime;
lenmax = get_the_longest(datlengths);
printf("Bigger data set has %d elements\n", lenmax);
tobesorted = malloc(sizeof(double)*lenmax);
if ( tobesorted == NULL ) return 1;
setfillconst(1.0);
for(i=0; testpieces[i].name != NULL; i++) {
for(j=0; seqdefs[j].name != NULL; j++) {
snprintf(buf, BUFLEN, filetempl, bname, testpieces[i].name,
seqdefs[j].name);
out = fopen(buf, "w");
if ( out == NULL ) goto severe;
printf("Producing data for sort '%s', created data type '%s'\n",
testpieces[i].name, seqdefs[j].name);
for(k=0; datlengths[k] > 0; k++) {
printf("\tNumber of elements: %d\n", datlengths[k]);
thetime = 0.0;
seqdefs[j].seqcreator(tobesorted, datlengths[k]);
fprintf(out, "%d ", datlengths[k]);
for(z=0; z < MEANREPEAT; z++) {
thetime += time_it(testpieces[i].action, datlengths[k]);
}
thetime /= MEANREPEAT;
fprintf(out, "%.8lf\n", thetime);
}
fclose(out);
}
}
severe:
free(tobesorted);
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "polifitgsl.h"
#define MAXNUMOFDATA 100
double x[MAXNUMOFDATA], y[MAXNUMOFDATA];
double cf[2];
int main()
{
int i, nod;
int r;
for(i=0; i < MAXNUMOFDATA; i++)
{
r = scanf("%lf %lf\n", &x[i], &y[i]);
if ( (r == EOF) || (r < 2) ) break;
x[i] = log10(x[i]);
y[i] = log10(y[i]);
}
nod = i;
polynomialfit(nod, 2, x, y, cf);
printf("C0 = %lf\nC1 = %lf\n", cf[0], cf[1]);
return 0;
}

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import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.container, std.datetime,
std.random, std.typetuple;
immutable int[] allOnes, sortedData, randomData;
static this() { // Initialize global Arrays.
immutable size_t arraySize = 10_000;
allOnes = new int[arraySize];
//allOnes[] = 1;
foreach (ref d; allOnes)
d = 1;
sortedData = new int[arraySize];
foreach (immutable i, ref d; sortedData)
d = i;
randomData = new int[arraySize];
foreach (ref d; randomData)
d = uniform(0, int.max);
}
// BubbleSort:
void bubbleSort(T)(T[] list) {
for (int i = list.length - 1; i > 0; i--)
for (int j = i -1; j >= 0; j--)
if (list[i] < list[j])
swap(list[i], list[j]);
}
void allOnesBubble() {
auto data = allOnes.dup;
data.bubbleSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void sortedBubble() {
auto data = sortedData.dup;
data.bubbleSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void randomBubble() {
auto data = randomData.dup;
data.bubbleSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
// InsertionSort:
void insertionSort(T)(T[] list) {
foreach (immutable i, currElem; list) {
size_t j = i;
for (; j > 0 && currElem < list[j - 1]; j--)
list[j] = list[j - 1];
list[j] = currElem;
}
}
void allOnesInsertion() {
auto data = allOnes.dup;
data.insertionSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void sortedInsertion() {
auto data = sortedData.dup;
data.insertionSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void randomInsertion() {
auto data = randomData.dup;
data.insertionSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
// HeapSort:
void heapSort(T)(T[] data) {
auto h = data.heapify;
while (!h.empty)
h.removeFront;
}
void allOnesHeap() {
auto data = allOnes.dup;
data.heapSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void sortedHeap() {
auto data = sortedData.dup;
data.heapSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void randomHeap() {
auto data = randomData.dup;
data.heapSort;
assert(data.isSorted);
}
// Built-in sort:
void allOnesBuiltIn() {
auto data = allOnes.dup;
data.sort!q{a < b};
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void sortedBuiltIn() {
auto data = sortedData.dup;
data.sort!q{a < b};
assert(data.isSorted);
}
void randomBuiltIn() {
auto data = randomData.dup;
data.sort!q{a < b};
assert(data.isSorted);
}
static void show(in TickDuration[4u] r) {
alias args = TypeTuple!("usecs", int);
writefln(" Bubble Sort: %10d", r[0].to!args);
writefln(" Insertion Sort: %10d", r[1].to!args);
writefln(" Heap Sort: %10d", r[3].to!args);
writefln(" Built-in Sort: %10d", r[2].to!args);
}
void main() {
enum nRuns = 100;
writeln("Timings in microseconds:");
writeln(" Testing against all ones:");
nRuns.benchmark!(allOnesBubble, allOnesInsertion,
allOnesHeap, allOnesBuiltIn).show;
writeln("\n Testing against sorted data.");
nRuns.benchmark!(sortedBubble, sortedInsertion,
sortedHeap, sortedBuiltIn).show;
writeln("\n Testing against random data.");
nRuns.benchmark!(randomBubble, randomInsertion,
randomHeap, randomBuiltIn).show;
}

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-module( compare_sorting_algorithms ).
-export( [task/0] ).
task() ->
Ns = [100, 1000, 10000],
Lists = [{"ones", fun list_of_ones/1, Ns}, {"ranges", fun list_of_ranges/1, Ns}, {"reversed_ranges", fun list_of_reversed_ranges/1, Ns}, {"shuffleds", fun list_of_shuffleds/1, Ns}],
Sorts = [{bubble_sort, fun bubble_sort:list/1}, {insertion_sort, fun sort:insertion/1}, {iquick_sort, fun quicksort:qsort/1}],
Results = [time_list(X, Sorts) || X <- Lists],
[file:write_file(X++".png", egd_chart:graph(Y, [{x_label, "log N"}, {y_label, "log ms"}])) || {X, Y} <- Results].
list_of_ones( N ) -> [1 || _X <- lists:seq(1, N)].
list_of_ranges( N ) -> [X || X <- lists:seq(1, N)].
list_of_reversed_ranges( N ) -> lists:reverse( list_of_ranges(N) ).
list_of_shuffleds( N ) -> [random:uniform(N) || _X <- lists:seq(1, N)].
time_list( {List, List_fun, Values}, Sorts ) ->
Results = [{Sort, time_sort(Sort_fun, List_fun, Values)} || {Sort, Sort_fun} <- Sorts],
{List, Results}.
time_sort( Sort_fun, List_fun, Values ) ->
[time(Sort_fun, List_fun, X) || X <- Values].
time( Fun, List_fun, N ) ->
{Time, _Result} = timer:tc( fun() -> Fun( List_fun(N) ) end ),
{math:log10(N), math:log10(Time)}.

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#Macro sort_1(sortname)
Rset buffer, #sortname
Print buffer;
copy_array(rev(), sort())
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort())
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec";
copy_array(ran(), sort())
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort())
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec";
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort())
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec";
copy_array(eq(), sort())
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort())
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec"
#EndMacro
#Macro sort_2(sortname)
Rset buffer, #sortname
Print buffer;
copy_array(rev(), sort())
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort(), Lbound(sort), Ubound(sort))
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec";
copy_array(ran(), sort())
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort(), Lbound(sort), Ubound(sort))
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec";
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort(), Lbound(sort), Ubound(sort))
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec";
copy_array(eq(),sort())
t1 = Timer
sortname(sort(), Lbound(sort), Ubound(sort))
t2 = Timer - t1
Print Using " ###.###&"; t2; " sec"
#EndMacro
Sub bubbleSort(array() As Double)
Dim As Integer i, lb = Lbound(array), ub = Ubound(array)
For p1 As Uinteger = 0 To ub - 1
For p2 As Uinteger = p1 + 1 To ub
'change >= to > , don't swap if they are equal
If (array(p1)) > (array(p2)) Then Swap array(p1), array(p2)
Next p2
Next p1
For i = lb To ub - 1
If array(i) > array(i + 1) Then Beep
Next
End Sub
Sub exchangeSort(array() As Double)
Dim As Uinteger i, j, min, ub = Ubound(array)
For i = 0 To ub
min = i
For j = i+1 To ub
If (array(j) < array(min)) Then min = j
Next j
If min > i Then Swap array(i), array(min)
Next i
End Sub
Sub insertionSort(array() As Double)
Dim As Uinteger ub = Ubound(array)
Dim As Uinteger i, j, temp, temp2
For i = 1 To ub
temp = array(i)
temp2 = temp
j = i
While j >= 1 Andalso array(j-1) > temp2
array(j) = array(j - 1)
j -= 1
Wend
array(j) = temp
Next i
End Sub
Sub siftdown(hs() As Double, inicio As Ulong, final As Ulong)
Dim As Ulong root = inicio
Dim As Long lb = Lbound(hs)
While root * 2 + 1 <= final
Dim As Ulong child = root * 2 + 1
If (child + 1 <= final) Andalso (hs(lb + child) < hs(lb + child + 1)) Then child += 1
If hs(lb + root) < hs(lb + child) Then
Swap hs(lb + root), hs(lb + child)
root = child
Else
Return
End If
Wend
End Sub
Sub heapSort(array() As Double)
Dim As Long lb = Lbound(array)
Dim As Ulong count = Ubound(array) - lb + 1
Dim As Long inicio = (count - 2) \ 2
Dim As Ulong final = count - 1
While inicio >= 0
siftdown(array(), inicio, final)
inicio -= 1
Wend
While final > 0
Swap array(lb + final), array(lb)
final -= 1
siftdown(array(), 0, final)
Wend
End Sub
Sub shellSort(array() As Double)
Dim As Uinteger lb = Lbound(array), ub = Ubound(array)
Dim As Uinteger i, inc = ub - lb
Dim As Boolean done
Do
inc = Int(inc / 2.2)
If inc < 1 Then inc = 1
Do
done = false
For i = lb To ub - inc
' reemplace "<" con ">" para ordenación descendente
If array(i) > array(i + inc) Then
Swap array(i), array(i + inc)
done = true
End If
Next i
Loop Until done = false
Loop Until inc = 1
End Sub
Sub quickSort(array() As Double, l As Integer, r As Integer)
Dim As Uinteger size = r - l +1
If size < 2 Then Exit Sub
Dim As Integer i = l, j = r
Dim As Double pivot = array(l + size \ 2)
Do
While array(i) < pivot
i += 1
Wend
While pivot < array(j)
j -= 1
Wend
If i <= j Then
Swap array(i), array(j)
i += 1
j -= 1
End If
Loop Until i > j
If l < j Then quickSort(array(), l, j)
If i < r Then quickSort(array(), i, r)
End Sub
Sub rapidSort (array()As Double, inicio As Integer, final As Integer)
Dim As Integer n, wert, nptr, arr, rep
Dim As Integer LoVal = array(inicio), HiVal = array(final)
For n = inicio To final
If LoVal> array(n) Then LoVal = array(n)
If HiVal< array(n) Then HiVal = array(n)
Next
Redim SortArray(LoVal To HiVal) As Double
For n = inicio To final
wert = array(n)
SortArray(wert) += 1
Next
nptr = inicio-1
For arr = LoVal To HiVal
rep = SortArray(arr)
For n = 1 To rep
nptr += 1
array(nptr) = arr
Next
Next
Erase SortArray
End Sub
Sub copy_array(s() As Double, d() As Double)
For x As Integer = Lbound(s) To Ubound(s)
d(x) = s(x)
Next
End Sub
Dim As Integer x, max = 1e5
Dim As Double t1, t2, ran(0 To max), sort(0 To max), rev(0 To max), eq(0 To max)
Dim As String buffer = Space(14)
Cls
' fill ran() with random numbers and eq() with same number
For x = 0 To max
ran(x) = Rnd
rev(x) = ran(x) ' make reverse array equal to random array
eq(x) = 1/3
Next x
For x = Lbound(rev) To (Ubound(rev) \ 2)
Swap rev(x), rev(Ubound(rev) - x)
Next x
Print !"Test times in sec\nArray size ="; max
Print !"\n *Reversed* *Random* *Sorted* *All ones*"
sort_1(bubbleSort)
sort_1(exchangeSort)
sort_1(insertionSort)
sort_1(heapSort)
sort_1(shellSort)
sort_2(quickSort)
sort_2(rapidSort)
Sleep

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package main
import (
"log"
"math/rand"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/gonum/plot"
"github.com/gonum/plot/plotter"
"github.com/gonum/plot/plotutil"
"github.com/gonum/plot/vg"
)
// Step 1, sort routines.
// These functions are copied without changes from the RC tasks Bubble Sort,
// Insertion sort, and Quicksort.
func bubblesort(a []int) {
for itemCount := len(a) - 1; ; itemCount-- {
hasChanged := false
for index := 0; index < itemCount; index++ {
if a[index] > a[index+1] {
a[index], a[index+1] = a[index+1], a[index]
hasChanged = true
}
}
if hasChanged == false {
break
}
}
}
func insertionsort(a []int) {
for i := 1; i < len(a); i++ {
value := a[i]
j := i - 1
for j >= 0 && a[j] > value {
a[j+1] = a[j]
j = j - 1
}
a[j+1] = value
}
}
func quicksort(a []int) {
var pex func(int, int)
pex = func(lower, upper int) {
for {
switch upper - lower {
case -1, 0:
return
case 1:
if a[upper] < a[lower] {
a[upper], a[lower] = a[lower], a[upper]
}
return
}
bx := (upper + lower) / 2
b := a[bx]
lp := lower
up := upper
outer:
for {
for lp < upper && !(b < a[lp]) {
lp++
}
for {
if lp > up {
break outer
}
if a[up] < b {
break
}
up--
}
a[lp], a[up] = a[up], a[lp]
lp++
up--
}
if bx < lp {
if bx < lp-1 {
a[bx], a[lp-1] = a[lp-1], b
}
up = lp - 2
} else {
if bx > lp {
a[bx], a[lp] = a[lp], b
}
up = lp - 1
lp++
}
if up-lower < upper-lp {
pex(lower, up)
lower = lp
} else {
pex(lp, upper)
upper = up
}
}
}
pex(0, len(a)-1)
}
// Step 2.0 sequence routines. 2.0 is the easy part. 2.5, timings, follows.
func ones(n int) []int {
s := make([]int, n)
for i := range s {
s[i] = 1
}
return s
}
func ascending(n int) []int {
s := make([]int, n)
v := 1
for i := 0; i < n; {
if rand.Intn(3) == 0 {
s[i] = v
i++
}
v++
}
return s
}
func shuffled(n int) []int {
return rand.Perm(n)
}
// Steps 2.5 write timings, and 3 plot timings are coded together.
// If write means format and output human readable numbers, step 2.5
// is satisfied with the log output as the program runs. The timings
// are plotted immediately however for step 3, not read and parsed from
// any formated output.
const (
nPts = 7 // number of points per test
inc = 1000 // data set size increment per point
)
var (
p *plot.Plot
sortName = []string{"Bubble sort", "Insertion sort", "Quicksort"}
sortFunc = []func([]int){bubblesort, insertionsort, quicksort}
dataName = []string{"Ones", "Ascending", "Shuffled"}
dataFunc = []func(int) []int{ones, ascending, shuffled}
)
func main() {
rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())
var err error
p, err = plot.New()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
p.X.Label.Text = "Data size"
p.Y.Label.Text = "microseconds"
p.Y.Scale = plot.LogScale{}
p.Y.Tick.Marker = plot.LogTicks{}
p.Y.Min = .5 // hard coded to make enough room for legend
for dx, name := range dataName {
s, err := plotter.NewScatter(plotter.XYs{})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
s.Shape = plotutil.DefaultGlyphShapes[dx]
p.Legend.Add(name, s)
}
for sx, name := range sortName {
l, err := plotter.NewLine(plotter.XYs{})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
l.Color = plotutil.DarkColors[sx]
p.Legend.Add(name, l)
}
for sx := range sortFunc {
bench(sx, 0, 1) // for ones, a single timing is sufficient.
bench(sx, 1, 5) // ascending and shuffled have some randomness though,
bench(sx, 2, 5) // so average timings on 5 different random sets.
}
if err := p.Save(5*vg.Inch, 5*vg.Inch, "comp.png"); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
func bench(sx, dx, rep int) {
log.Println("bench", sortName[sx], dataName[dx], "x", rep)
pts := make(plotter.XYs, nPts)
sf := sortFunc[sx]
for i := range pts {
x := (i + 1) * inc
// to avoid timing sequence creation, create sequence before timing
// then just copy the data inside the timing loop. copy time should
// be the same regardless of sequence data.
s0 := dataFunc[dx](x) // reference sequence
s := make([]int, x) // working copy
var tSort int64
for j := 0; j < rep; j++ {
tSort += testing.Benchmark(func(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
copy(s, s0)
sf(s)
}
}).NsPerOp()
}
tSort /= int64(rep)
log.Println(x, "items", tSort, "ns") // step 2.5, write timings
pts[i] = struct{ X, Y float64 }{float64(x), float64(tSort) * .001}
}
pl, ps, err := plotter.NewLinePoints(pts) // step 3, plot timings
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
pl.Color = plotutil.DarkColors[sx]
ps.Color = plotutil.DarkColors[sx]
ps.Shape = plotutil.DefaultGlyphShapes[dx]
p.Add(pl, ps)
}

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import Data.Time.Clock
import Data.List
type Time = Integer
type Sorter a = [a] -> [a]
-- Simple timing function (in microseconds)
timed :: IO a -> IO (a, Time)
timed prog = do
t0 <- getCurrentTime
x <- prog
t1 <- x `seq` getCurrentTime
return (x, ceiling $ 1000000 * diffUTCTime t1 t0)
-- testing sorting algorithm on a given set
test :: [a] -> Sorter a -> IO [(Int, Time)]
test set srt = mapM (timed . run) ns
where
ns = take 15 $ iterate (\x -> (x * 5) `div` 3) 10
run n = pure $ length $ srt (take n set)
-- sample sets
constant = repeat 1
presorted = [1..]
random = (`mod` 100) <$> iterate step 42
where
step x = (x * a + c) `mod` m
(a, c, m) = (1103515245, 12345, 2^31-1)

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-- Naive quick sort
qsort :: Ord a => Sorter a
qsort [] = []
qsort (h:t) = qsort (filter (< h) t) ++ [h] ++ qsort (filter (>= h) t)
-- Bubble sort
bsort :: Ord a => Sorter a
bsort s = case _bsort s of
t | t == s -> t
| otherwise -> bsort t
where _bsort (x:x2:xs) | x > x2 = x2:_bsort (x:xs)
| otherwise = x :_bsort (x2:xs)
_bsort s = s
-- Insertion sort
isort :: Ord a => Sorter a
isort = foldr insert []

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-- chart appears to be logarithmic scale on both axes
barChart :: Char -> [(Int, Time)] -> [String]
barChart ch lst = bar . scale <$> lst
where
scale (x,y) = (x, round $ (3*) $ log $ fromIntegral y)
bar (x,y) = show x ++ "\t" ++ replicate y ' ' ++ [ch]
over :: String -> String -> String
over s1 s2 = take n $ zipWith f (pad s1) (pad s2)
where
f ' ' c = c
f c ' ' = c
f y _ = y
pad = (++ repeat ' ')
n = length s1 `max` length s2
comparison :: Ord a => [Sorter a] -> [Char] -> [a] -> IO ()
comparison sortings chars set = do
results <- mapM (test set) sortings
let charts = zipWith barChart chars results
putStrLn $ replicate 50 '-'
mapM_ putStrLn $ foldl1 (zipWith over) charts
putStrLn $ replicate 50 '-'
let times = map (fromInteger . snd) <$> results
let ratios = mean . zipWith (flip (/)) (head times) <$> times
putStrLn "Comparing average time ratios:"
mapM_ putStrLn $ zipWith (\r s -> [s] ++ ": " ++ show r) ratios chars
where
mean lst = sum lst / genericLength lst
main = do
putStrLn "comparing on list of ones"
run ones
putStrLn "\ncomparing on presorted list"
run seqn
putStrLn "\ncomparing on shuffled list"
run rand
where
run = comparison [sort, isort, qsort, bsort] "siqb"

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NB. extracts from other rosetta code projects
ts=: 6!:2, 7!:2@]
radix =: 3 : 0
256 radix y
:
a=. #{. z =. x #.^:_1 y
e=. (-a) {."0 b =. i.x
x#.1{::(<:@[;([: ; (b, {"1) <@}./. e,]))&>/^:a [ z;~a-1
NB. , ([: ; (b, {:"1) <@(}:"1@:}.)/. e,])^:(#{.z) y,.z
)
bubble=: (([ (<. , >.) {.@]) , }.@])/^:_
insertion=:((>: # ]) , [ , < #])/
sel=: 1 : 'x # ['
quick=: 3 : 0
if. 1 >: #y do. y
else.
e=. y{~?#y
(quick y <sel e),(y =sel e),quick y >sel e
end.
)
gaps =: [: }: 1 (1+3*])^:(> {:)^:a:~ #
insert =: (I.~ {. ]) , [ , ] }.~ I.~
gapinss =: #@] {. ,@|:@(] insert//.~ #@] $ i.@[)
shell =: [: ; gapinss &.>/@(< ,~ ]&.>@gaps)
builtin =: /:~
NB. characterization of the sorting algorithms.
sorts =: bubble`insertion`shell`quick`radix`builtin
generators =: #&1`(i.@-)`(?.~) NB. data generators
round =: [: <. 1r2&+
ll =: (<_1 0)&{ NB. verb to extract lower left which holds ln data length
lc =: (<_1 1)&{ NB. verb to fetch lower center which holds most recent time
NB. maximum_time characterize ln_start_size
NB. characterize returns a rank 4 matrix with successive indexes for
NB. algorithm, input arrangement, max number of tests in group, length time space
characterize =: 4 : 0
max_time =. x
start =. 1 3{.<:y
for_sort. sorts do.
for_generator. generators do. NB. limit time and paging prevention
t =: }. (, (, [: ts 'sort@.0 (generator@.0)' , ":@round@^)@>:@ll) ^: ((lc < max_time"_) *. ll < 17"_) ^:_ start
if. generator -: {.generators do.
g =. ,:t
else.
g =. g,t
end.
end.
if. sort -: {.sorts do.
s =. ,:g
else.
s =. s,g
end.
end.
)
NB. character cell graphics
NB. From j phrases 10E. Approximation
d3=: 1&,.@[ %.~ ] NB. a and b such that y is approx. a + b*x
NB. domain and range 0 to 14.
D=:14
plot =: 1 : '(=/ round@(u&.(*&(D%<:y))))i.y' NB. function plot size
points =: 4 : '1(<"1|:|.round y*D%~<:x)}0$~2#x' NB. size points x,:y
show =: [: |. [: '0'&~:@{:} ' ' ,: ":
plt =: 3 : 0
30 plt y NB. default size 30
:
n =. >:i.-# experiments =. <@(#~"1 (0&<)@{.)"2 y
pts =. n +./ .*x&points@>experiments
coef =. d3/@>experiments
(_*pts) + n +./ .*1 0 2|:coef&(p."1) plot x
)

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function swap(a, i, j){
var t = a[i]
a[i] = a[j]
a[j] = t
}
// Heap Sort
function heap_sort(a){
var n = a.length
function heapify(i){
var t = a[i]
while (true){
var l = 2 * i + 1, r = l + 1
var m = r < n ? (a[l] > a[r] ? l : r) : (l < n ? l : i)
if (m != i && a[m] > t){
a[i] = a[m]
i = m
}
else{
break
}
}
a[i] = t;
}
for (let i = Math.floor(n / 2) - 1; i >= 0; i--){
heapify(i)
}
for (let i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--){
swap(a, 0, i)
n--
heapify(0)
}
}
// Merge Sort
function merge_sort(a){
var b = new Array(a.length)
function rec(l, r){
if (l < r){
var m = Math.floor((l + r) / 2)
rec(l, m)
rec(m + 1, r)
var i = l, j = m + 1, k = 0;
while (i <= m && j <= r) b[k++] = (a[i] > a[j] ? a[j++] : a[i++])
while (j <= r) b[k++] = a[j++]
while (i <= m) b[k++] = a[i++]
for (k = l; k <= r; k++){
a[k] = b[k - l]
}
}
}
rec(0, a.length-1)
}
// Quick Sort
function quick_sort(a){
function rec(l, r){
if (l < r){
var p = a[l + Math.floor((r - l + 1)*Math.random())]
var i = l, j = l, k = r
while (j <= k){
if (a[j] < p){
swap(a, i++, j++)
}
else if (a[j] > p){
swap(a, j, k--)
}
else{
j++
}
}
rec(l, i - 1)
rec(k + 1, r)
}
}
rec(0, a.length - 1)
}
// Shell Sort
function shell_sort(a){
var n = a.length
var gaps = [100894, 44842, 19930, 8858, 3937, 1750, 701, 301, 132, 57, 23, 10, 4, 1]
for (let x of gaps){
for (let i = x; i < n; i++){
var t = a[i], j;
for (j = i; j >= x && a[j - x] > t; j -= x){
a[j] = a[j - x];
}
a[j] = t;
}
}
}
// Comb Sort (+ Insertion sort optimization)
function comb_sort(a){
var n = a.length
for (let x = n; x >= 10; x = Math.floor(x / 1.3)){
for (let i = 0; i + x < n; i++){
if (a[i] > a[i + x]){
swap(a, i, i + x)
}
}
}
for (let i = 1; i < n; i++){
var t = a[i], j;
for (j = i; j > 0 && a[j - 1] > t; j--){
a[j] = a[j - 1]
}
a[j] = t;
}
}
// Test
function test(f, g, e){
var res = ""
for (let n of e){
var a = new Array(n)
var s = 0
for (let k = 0; k < 10; k++){
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++){
a[i] = g(i)
}
var start = Date.now()
f(a)
s += Date.now() - start
}
res += Math.round(s / 10) + "\t"
}
return res
}
// Main
var e = [5000, 10000, 100000, 500000, 1000000, 2000000]
var sOut = "Test times in ms\n\nElements\t" + e.join("\t") + "\n\n"
sOut += "*All ones*\n"
sOut += "heap_sort\t" + test(heap_sort, (x => 1), e) + "\n"
sOut += "quick_sort\t" + test(quick_sort, (x => 1), e) + "\n"
sOut += "merge_sort\t" + test(merge_sort, (x => 1), e) + "\n"
sOut += "shell_sort\t" + test(shell_sort, (x => 1), e) + "\n"
sOut += "comb_sort\t" + test(comb_sort, (x => 1), e) + "\n\n"
sOut += "*Sorted*\n"
sOut += "heap_sort\t" + test(heap_sort, (x => x), e) + "\n"
sOut += "quick_sort\t" + test(quick_sort, (x => x), e) + "\n"
sOut += "merge_sort\t" + test(merge_sort, (x => x), e) + "\n"
sOut += "shell_sort\t" + test(shell_sort, (x => x), e) + "\n"
sOut += "comb_sort\t" + test(comb_sort, (x => x), e) + "\n\n"
sOut += "*Random*\n"
sOut += "heap_sort\t" + test(heap_sort, (x => Math.random()), e) + "\n"
sOut += "quick_sort\t" + test(quick_sort, (x => Math.random()), e) + "\n"
sOut += "merge_sort\t" + test(merge_sort, (x => Math.random()), e) + "\n"
sOut += "shell_sort\t" + test(shell_sort, (x => Math.random()), e) + "\n"
sOut += "comb_sort\t" + test(comb_sort, (x => Math.random()), e) + "\n"
console.log(sOut)

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function comparesorts(tosort)
a = shuffle(["i", "m", "q"])
iavg = mavg = qavg = 0.0
for c in a
if c == "i"
iavg = sum(i -> @elapsed(sort(tosort, alg=InsertionSort)), 1:100) / 100.0
elseif c == "m"
mavg = sum(i -> @elapsed(sort(tosort, alg=MergeSort)), 1:100) / 100.0
elseif c == "q"
qavg = sum(i -> @elapsed(sort(tosort, alg=QuickSort)), 1:100) / 100.0
end
end
iavg, mavg, qavg
end
allones = fill(1, 40000)
sequential = collect(1:40000)
randomized = collect(shuffle(1:40000))
comparesorts(allones)
comparesorts(allones)
iavg, mavg, qavg = comparesorts(allones)
println("Average sort times for 40000 ones:")
println("\tinsertion sort:\t$iavg\n\tmerge sort:\t$mavg\n\tquick sort\t$qavg")
comparesorts(sequential)
comparesorts(sequential)
iavg, mavg, qavg = comparesorts(sequential)
println("Average sort times for 40000 presorted:")
println("\tinsertion sort:\t$iavg\n\tmerge sort:\t$mavg\n\tquick sort\t$qavg")
comparesorts(randomized)
comparesorts(randomized)
iavg, mavg, qavg = comparesorts(randomized)
println("Average sort times for 40000 randomized:")
println("\tinsertion sort:\t$iavg\n\tmerge sort:\t$mavg\n\tquick sort\t$qavg")

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// Version 1.2.31
import java.util.Random
import kotlin.system.measureNanoTime
typealias Sorter = (IntArray) -> Unit
val rand = Random()
fun onesSeq(n: Int) = IntArray(n) { 1 }
fun ascendingSeq(n: Int) = shuffledSeq(n).sorted().toIntArray()
fun shuffledSeq(n: Int) = IntArray(n) { 1 + rand.nextInt(10 * n) }
fun bubbleSort(a: IntArray) {
var n = a.size
do {
var n2 = 0
for (i in 1 until n) {
if (a[i - 1] > a[i]) {
val tmp = a[i]
a[i] = a[i - 1]
a[i - 1] = tmp
n2 = i
}
}
n = n2
} while (n != 0)
}
fun insertionSort(a: IntArray) {
for (index in 1 until a.size) {
val value = a[index]
var subIndex = index - 1
while (subIndex >= 0 && a[subIndex] > value) {
a[subIndex + 1] = a[subIndex]
subIndex--
}
a[subIndex + 1] = value
}
}
fun quickSort(a: IntArray) {
fun sorter(first: Int, last: Int) {
if (last - first < 1) return
val pivot = a[first + (last - first) / 2]
var left = first
var right = last
while (left <= right) {
while (a[left] < pivot) left++
while (a[right] > pivot) right--
if (left <= right) {
val tmp = a[left]
a[left] = a[right]
a[right] = tmp
left++
right--
}
}
if (first < right) sorter(first, right)
if (left < last) sorter(left, last)
}
sorter(0, a.lastIndex)
}
fun radixSort(a: IntArray) {
val tmp = IntArray(a.size)
for (shift in 31 downTo 0) {
tmp.fill(0)
var j = 0
for (i in 0 until a.size) {
val move = (a[i] shl shift) >= 0
val toBeMoved = if (shift == 0) !move else move
if (toBeMoved)
tmp[j++] = a[i]
else {
a[i - j] = a[i]
}
}
for (i in j until tmp.size) tmp[i] = a[i - j]
for (i in 0 until a.size) a[i] = tmp[i]
}
}
val gaps = listOf(701, 301, 132, 57, 23, 10, 4, 1) // Marcin Ciura's gap sequence
fun shellSort(a: IntArray) {
for (gap in gaps) {
for (i in gap until a.size) {
val temp = a[i]
var j = i
while (j >= gap && a[j - gap] > temp) {
a[j] = a[j - gap]
j -= gap
}
a[j] = temp
}
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val runs = 10
val lengths = listOf(1, 10, 100, 1_000, 10_000, 100_000)
val sorts = listOf<Sorter>(
::bubbleSort, ::insertionSort, ::quickSort, ::radixSort, ::shellSort
)
/* allow JVM to compile sort functions before timings start */
for (sort in sorts) sort(intArrayOf(1))
val sortTitles = listOf("Bubble", "Insert", "Quick ", "Radix ", "Shell ")
val seqTitles = listOf("All Ones", "Ascending", "Shuffled")
val totals = List(seqTitles.size) { List(sorts.size) { LongArray(lengths.size) } }
for ((k, n) in lengths.withIndex()) {
val seqs = listOf(onesSeq(n), ascendingSeq(n), shuffledSeq(n))
repeat(runs) {
for (i in 0 until seqs.size) {
for (j in 0 until sorts.size) {
val seq = seqs[i].copyOf()
totals[i][j][k] += measureNanoTime { sorts[j](seq) }
}
}
}
}
println("All timings in micro-seconds\n")
print("Sequence length")
for (len in lengths) print("%8d ".format(len))
println("\n")
for (i in 0 until seqTitles.size) {
println(" ${seqTitles[i]}:")
for (j in 0 until sorts.size) {
print(" ${sortTitles[j]} ")
for (k in 0 until lengths.size) {
val time = totals[i][j][k] / runs / 1_000
print("%8d ".format(time))
}
println()
}
println("\n")
}
}

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ClearAll[BubbleSort,ShellSort]
BubbleSort[in_List]:=Module[{x=in,l=Length[in],swapped},swapped=True;
While[swapped,swapped=False;
Do[If[x[[i]]>x[[i+1]],x[[{i,i+1}]]//=Reverse;
swapped=True;],{i,l-1}];];
x]
ShellSort[lst_]:=Module[{list=lst,incr,temp,i,j},incr=Round[Length[list]/2];
While[incr>0,For[i=incr+1,i<=Length[list],i++,temp=list[[i]];j=i;
While[(j>=(incr+1))&&(list[[j-incr]]>temp),list[[j]]=list[[j-incr]];j=j-incr;];
list[[j]]=temp;];
If[incr==2,incr=1,incr=Round[incr/2.2]]];list
]
times=Table[
arr=ConstantArray[1,n];
t1={{n,AbsoluteTiming[BubbleSort[arr];][[1]]},{n,AbsoluteTiming[ShellSort[arr];][[1]]}};
arr=Sort[RandomInteger[{10^6},n]];
t2={{n,AbsoluteTiming[BubbleSort[arr];][[1]]},{n,AbsoluteTiming[ShellSort[arr];][[1]]}};
arr=RandomInteger[{10^6},n];
t3={{n,AbsoluteTiming[BubbleSort[arr];][[1]]},{n,AbsoluteTiming[ShellSort[arr];][[1]]}};
{t1,t2,t3}
,
{n,2^Range[13]}
];
ListLogLogPlot[Transpose@times[[All,1]],PlotLegends->{"Bubble","Shell"},PlotLabel->"Ones"]
ListLogLogPlot[Transpose@times[[All,2]],PlotLegends->{"Bubble","Shell"},PlotLabel->"Ascending integers"]
ListLogLogPlot[Transpose@times[[All,3]],PlotLegends->{"Bubble","Shell"},PlotLabel->"Shuffled"]

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import algorithm
import random
import sequtils
import times
####################################################################################################
# Data.
proc oneSeq(n: int): seq[int] = repeat(1, n)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc shuffledSeq(n: int): seq[int] =
result.setLen(n)
for item in result.mitems: item = rand(1..(10 * n))
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc ascendingSeq(n: int): seq[int] = sorted(shuffledSeq(n))
####################################################################################################
# Algorithms.
func bubbleSort(a: var openArray[int]) {.locks: "unknown".} =
var n = a.len
while true:
var n2 = 0
for i in 1..<n:
if a[i - 1] > a[i]:
swap a[i], a[i - 1]
n2 = i
n = n2
if n == 0: break
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func insertionSort(a: var openArray[int]) {.locks: "unknown".} =
for index in 1..a.high:
let value = a[index]
var subIndex = index - 1
while subIndex >= 0 and a[subIndex] > value:
a[subIndex + 1] = a[subIndex]
dec subIndex
a[subIndex + 1] = value
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func quickSort(a: var openArray[int]) {.locks: "unknown".} =
func sorter(a: var openArray[int]; first, last: int) =
if last - first < 1: return
let pivot = a[first + (last - first) div 2]
var left = first
var right = last
while left <= right:
while a[left] < pivot: inc left
while a[right] > pivot: dec right
if left <= right:
swap a[left], a[right]
inc left
dec right
if first < right: a.sorter(first, right)
if left < last: a.sorter(left, last)
a.sorter(0, a.high)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func radixSort(a: var openArray[int]) {.locks: "unknown".} =
var tmp = newSeq[int](a.len)
for shift in countdown(63, 0):
for item in tmp.mitems: item = 0
var j = 0
for i in 0..a.high:
let move = a[i] shl shift >= 0
let toBeMoved = if shift == 0: not move else: move
if toBeMoved:
tmp[j] = a[i]
inc j
else:
a[i - j] = a[i]
for i in j..tmp.high: tmp[i] = a[i - j]
for i in 0..a.high: a[i] = tmp[i]
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func shellSort(a: var openArray[int]) {.locks: "unknown".} =
const Gaps = [701, 301, 132, 57, 23, 10, 4, 1]
for gap in Gaps:
for i in gap..a.high:
let temp = a[i]
var j = i
while j >= gap and a[j - gap] > temp:
a[j] = a[j - gap]
dec j, gap
a[j] = temp
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func standardSort(a: var openArray[int]) =
a.sort()
####################################################################################################
# Main code.
import strformat
const
Runs = 10
Lengths = [1, 10, 100, 1_000, 10_000, 100_000]
Sorts = [bubbleSort, insertionSort, quickSort, radixSort, shellSort, standardSort]
const
SortTitles = ["Bubble", "Insert", "Quick ", "Radix ", "Shell ", "Standard"]
SeqTitles = ["All Ones", "Ascending", "Shuffled"]
var totals: array[SeqTitles.len, array[Sorts.len, array[Lengths.len, Duration]]]
randomize()
for k, n in Lengths:
let seqs = [oneSeq(n), ascendingSeq(n), shuffledSeq(n)]
for _ in 1..Runs:
for i, s in seqs:
for j, sort in Sorts:
var s = s
let t0 = getTime()
s.sort()
totals[i][j][k] += getTime() - t0
echo "All timings in microseconds\n"
stdout.write "Sequence length "
for length in Lengths:
stdout.write &"{length:6d} "
echo '\n'
for i in 0..SeqTitles.high:
echo &" {SeqTitles[i]}:"
for j in 0..Sorts.high:
stdout.write &" {SortTitles[j]:8s} "
for k in 0..Lengths.high:
let time = totals[i][j][k].inMicroseconds div Runs
stdout.write &"{time:8d} "
echo ""
echo '\n'

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-->
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- demo\rosetta\Compare_sorting_algorithms.exw</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">XQS</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">01</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (set to 1 to exclude quick_sort and shell_sort from ones)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pGUI</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tabs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">plot</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">Ihandles</span> <span style="color: #000000;">plots</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">quick_sort2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- already sorted (trivial case)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">mid</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">((</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">midn</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">midval</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">mid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">left</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{},</span> <span style="color: #000000;">right</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">mid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xi</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">c</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">compare</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">xi</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">midval</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">left</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">xi</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">elsif</span> <span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">right</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">xi</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">midn</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">quick_sort2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">midval</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">midn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&</span> <span style="color: #000000;">quick_sort2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">quick_sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">qstack</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">((</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- create a stack</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">first</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">true</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #000000;">first</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pivot</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">first</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">sj</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">I</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">first</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">J</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">true</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">true</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">si</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">>=</span><span style="color: #000000;">pivot</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">I</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">true</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">sj</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">sj</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">pivot</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">J</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">sj</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">exit</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">sj</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">si</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">I</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">J</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">J</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">I</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">qstack</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">I</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">qstack</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">J</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">first</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">qstack</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">qstack</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">stackptr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">radixSortn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({},</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">digit</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">remainder</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]/</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">power</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">digit</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">digit</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">!=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">or</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">radixSortn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">split_by_sign</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{{},{}}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">si</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],-</span><span style="color: #000000;">si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">radix_sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- NB this is an integer-only sort</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">mins</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">min</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">passes</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">log10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">max</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">max</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">abs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">mins</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))))+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">mins</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">split_by_sign</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">reverse</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">sq_uminus</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">radixSortn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">passes</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">radixSortn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">passes</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]&</span><span style="color: #000000;">buckets</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">radixSortn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">passes</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">shell_sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">temp</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">>=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">and</span> <span style="color: #000000;">temp</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">j</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">temp</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">gap</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">shell_sort2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">gap</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">TRUE</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">first</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">first</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xi</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">TRUE</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xj</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xi</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">>=</span><span style="color: #000000;">xj</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">j</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">exit</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xj</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">exit</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">j</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xi</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">gap</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">3.5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">siftDown</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">root</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">child</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #008080;">and</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]<</span><span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">child</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]>=</span><span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmp</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmp</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">child</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">heapify</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">count</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">count</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">siftDown</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">count</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">heap_sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">heapify</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmp</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmp</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">last</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">arr</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">siftDown</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">arr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">last</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">arr</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">builtins</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">enum</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ONES</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">SORTED</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">RANDOM</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">REVERSE</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">4</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"ones"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"sorted"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"random"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"reverse"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tabidx</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">3</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">STEP</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">routine_id</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">rid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tests</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"quick_sort"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"quick_sort2"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"radix_sort"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"shell_sort"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"shell_sort2"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"heap_sort"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"sort"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- builtin</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">results</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({},</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tests</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dsdx</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tests</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ds_index</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">idle_action_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">best</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- fastest last</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">besti</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 1..length(tests) </span>
<span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- 1..length(tabtitles)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">len</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- Search for something to do, active/visible tab first.
-- Any result set of length 0 -&gt; just do one.
-- Of all result sets&lt;8, pick the lowest [$].
--</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">todo</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabidx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">!=</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabidx</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #000000;">todo</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ti</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">todo</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">ti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">len</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">ti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">best</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">besti</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ti</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">exit</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">elsif</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">best</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">or</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">best</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">ti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][$])</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">best</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">ti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][$]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">besti</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ti</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">and</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">!=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">best</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- cop out if it is getting too slow</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">besti</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">!=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">STEP</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008080;">not</span> <span style="color: #000000;">XQS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">and</span> <span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">ONES</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #000000;">1000</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">100000</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">len</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)*</span><span style="color: #000000;">STEP</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">test</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">ONES</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">):</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">SORTED</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">):</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">RANDOM</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">shuffle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)):</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">REVERSE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">reverse</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)):</span><span style="color: #000000;">9</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">ds_index</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dsdx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t0</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">time</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">check</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">call_func</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tests</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],{</span><span style="color: #000000;">test</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">t0</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">time</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()-</span><span style="color: #000000;">t0</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- if check!=sort(test) then ?9/0 end if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">plot</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">plots</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupPlotInsert</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ds_index</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">besti</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">t0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"REDRAW"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">NULL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">progress</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">progress</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">bestt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetStrAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"TITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"Compare sorting algorithms %s"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sprint</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">progress</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_CONTINUE</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"TITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"Compare sorting algorithms (all done, idle)"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_IGNORE</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- all done, remove callback</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cb_idle_action</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"idle_action_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tabchange_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*self*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*new_tab*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tabidx</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGetInt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"VALUEPOS"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">plot</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">plots</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabidx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">;</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupOpen</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">plots</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">XQS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- results[ONES][1] = repeat(0,8)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">results</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">ONES</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">plot</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupPlot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"MENUITEMPROPERTIES"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"YES"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"TABTITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabtitles</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"GRID"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"YES"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"MARGINLEFT"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"50"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"MARGINBOTTOM"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"40"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"LEGEND"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"YES"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"LEGENDPOS"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"TOPLEFT"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- IupSetAttribute(plot,"AXS_YSCALE","LOG10")
-- IupSetAttribute(plot,"AXS_XSCALE","LOG10")</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tests</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupPlotBegin</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">dsdx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupPlotEnd</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"DS_NAME"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">tests</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">plots</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plots</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">plot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">tabs</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupTabs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">plots</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetCallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"TABCHANGE_CB"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"tabchange_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupDialog</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"RASTERSIZE=800x480"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"TITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"Compare sorting algorithms"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupShow</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetInt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tabs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"VALUEPOS"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tabidx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetGlobalFunction</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"IDLE_ACTION"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cb_idle_action</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">JS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupMainLoop</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupClose</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<!--

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@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
def builtinsort(x):
x.sort()
def partition(seq, pivot):
low, middle, up = [], [], []
for x in seq:
if x < pivot:
low.append(x)
elif x == pivot:
middle.append(x)
else:
up.append(x)
return low, middle, up
import random
def qsortranpart(seq):
size = len(seq)
if size < 2: return seq
low, middle, up = partition(seq, random.choice(seq))
return qsortranpart(low) + middle + qsortranpart(up)

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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
def ones(n):
return [1]*n
def reversedrange(n):
return reversed(range(n))
def shuffledrange(n):
x = range(n)
random.shuffle(x)
return x

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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
def write_timings(npoints=10, maxN=10**4, sort_functions=(builtinsort,insertion_sort, qsort),
sequence_creators = (ones, range, shuffledrange)):
Ns = range(2, maxN, maxN//npoints)
for sort in sort_functions:
for make_seq in sequence_creators:
Ts = [usec(sort, (make_seq(n),)) for n in Ns]
writedat('%s-%s-%d-%d.xy' % (sort.__name__, make_seq.__name__, len(Ns), max(Ns)), Ns, Ts)

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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
import operator
import numpy, pylab
def plotdd(dictplotdict):
"""See ``plot_timings()`` below."""
symbols = ('o', '^', 'v', '<', '>', 's', '+', 'x', 'D', 'd',
'1', '2', '3', '4', 'h', 'H', 'p', '|', '_')
colors = list('bgrcmyk') # split string on distinct characters
for npoints, plotdict in dictplotdict.iteritems():
for ttle, lst in plotdict.iteritems():
pylab.hold(False)
for i, (label, polynom, x, y) in enumerate(sorted(lst,key=operator.itemgetter(0))):
pylab.plot(x, y, colors[i % len(colors)] + symbols[i % len(symbols)], label='%s %s' % (polynom, label))
pylab.hold(True)
y = numpy.polyval(polynom, x)
pylab.plot(x, y, colors[i % len(colors)], label= '_nolegend_')
pylab.legend(loc='upper left')
pylab.xlabel(polynom.variable)
pylab.ylabel('log2( time in microseconds )')
pylab.title(ttle, verticalalignment='bottom')
figname = '_%(npoints)03d%(ttle)s' % vars()
pylab.savefig(figname+'.png')
pylab.savefig(figname+'.pdf')
print figname

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@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
import collections, itertools, glob, re
import numpy
def plot_timings():
makedict = lambda: collections.defaultdict(lambda: collections.defaultdict(list))
df = makedict()
ds = makedict()
# populate plot dictionaries
for filename in glob.glob('*.xy'):
m = re.match(r'([^-]+)-([^-]+)-(\d+)-(\d+)\.xy', filename)
print filename
assert m, filename
funcname, seqname, npoints, maxN = m.groups()
npoints, maxN = int(npoints), int(maxN)
a = numpy.fromiter(itertools.imap(float, open(filename).read().split()), dtype='f')
Ns = a[::2] # sequences lengths
Ts = a[1::2] # corresponding times
assert len(Ns) == len(Ts) == npoints
assert max(Ns) <= maxN
#
logsafe = numpy.logical_and(Ns>0, Ts>0)
Ts = numpy.log2(Ts[logsafe])
Ns = numpy.log2(Ns[logsafe])
coeffs = numpy.polyfit(Ns, Ts, deg=1)
poly = numpy.poly1d(coeffs, variable='log2(N)')
#
df[npoints][funcname].append((seqname, poly, Ns, Ts))
ds[npoints][seqname].append((funcname, poly, Ns, Ts))
# actual plotting
plotdd(df)
plotdd(ds) # see ``plotdd()`` above

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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
sort_functions = [
builtinsort, # see implementation above
insertion_sort, # see [[Insertion sort]]
insertion_sort_lowb, # ''insertion_sort'', where sequential search is replaced
# by lower_bound() function
qsort, # see [[Quicksort]]
qsortranlc, # ''qsort'' with randomly choosen ''pivot''
# and the filtering via list comprehension
qsortranpart, # ''qsortranlc'' with filtering via ''partition'' function
qsortranpartis, # ''qsortranpart'', where for a small input sequence lengths
] # ''insertion_sort'' is called
if __name__=="__main__":
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10000)
write_timings(npoints=100, maxN=1024, # 1 <= N <= 2**10 an input sequence length
sort_functions=sort_functions,
sequence_creators = (ones, range, shuffledrange))
plot_timings()

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/*REXX pgm compares various sorts for 3 types of input sequences: ones/ascending/random.*/
parse arg ranges start# seed . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/
if ranges=='' | ranges=="," then ranges= 5 /*Not Specified? Then use the default.*/
if start#=='' | start#=="," then start#= 250 /* " " " " " " */
if seed=='' | seed=="," then seed= 1946 /*use a repeatable seed for RANDOM BIF*/
if datatype(seed, 'W') then call random ,,seed /*Specified? Then use as a RANDOM seed*/
kinds= 3; hdr=; #= start# /*hardcoded/fixed number of datum kinds*/
do ra=1 for ranges
hdr= hdr || center( commas(#) "numbers", 25)'' /*(top) header for the output title.*/
do ki=1 for kinds
call gen@@ #, ki
call set@; call time 'R'; call bubble #; bubble.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call cocktail #; cocktail.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call cocktailSB #; cocktailSB.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call comb #; comb.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call exchange #; exchange.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call gnome #; gnome.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call heap #; heap.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call insertion #; insertion.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call merge #; merge.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call pancake #; pancake.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call quick #; quick.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call radix #; radix.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call selection #; selection.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
call set@; call time 'R'; call shell #; shell.ra.ki= format(time("E"),,2)
end /*ki*/
#= # + # /*double # elements.*/
end /*ra*/
say; say; say /*say blank sep line*/
say center(' ', 11 ) ""left(hdr, length(hdr)-1)"" /*replace last char.*/
reps= ' allONES ascend random ' /*build a title bar.*/
xreps= copies( center(reps, length(reps)), ranges) /*replicate ranges. */
creps= left(xreps, length(xreps)-1)"" /*replace last char.*/
say center('sort type', 11 ) ""creps; Lr= length(reps)
xcreps= copies( left('', Lr-1, '')"", ranges)
say center('' , 12, '')""left(xcreps, length(xcreps)-1)""
call show 'bubble' /* ◄──── show results for bubble sort.*/
call show 'cocktail' /* ◄──── " " " cocktail " */
call show 'cocktailSB' /*+Shifting Bounds*/ /* ◄──── " " " cocktailSB " */
call show 'comb' /* ◄──── " " " comb " */
call show 'exchange' /* ◄──── " " " exchange " */
call show 'gnome' /* ◄──── " " " gnome " */
call show 'heap' /* ◄──── " " " heap " */
call show 'insertion' /* ◄──── " " " insertion " */
call show 'merge' /* ◄──── " " " merge " */
call show 'pancake' /* ◄──── " " " pancake " */
call show 'quick' /* ◄──── " " " quick " */
call show 'radix' /* ◄──── " " " radix " */
call show 'selection' /* ◄──── " " " shell " */
call show 'shell' /* ◄──── " " " shell " */
say translate(center('' , 12, '')""left(xcreps, length(xcreps)-1)"", '', "")
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
commas: parse arg ?; do jc=length(?)-3 to 1 by -3; ?=insert(',', ?, jc); end; return ?
inOrder: parse arg n; do j=1 for n-1; k= j+1; if @.j>@.k then return 0; end; return 1
set@: @.=; do a=1 for #; @.a= @@.a; end; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
gen@@: procedure expose @@.; parse arg n,kind; nn= min(n, 100000) /*1e5≡REXX's max.*/
do j=1 for nn; select
when kind==1 then @@.j= 1 /*all ones. */
when kind==2 then @@.j= j /*ascending.*/
when kind==3 then @@.j= random(, nn) /*random. */
end /*select*/
end /*j*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
show: parse arg aa; _= left(aa, 11) ""
do ra=1 for ranges
do ki=1 for kinds
_= _ right( value(aa || . || ra || . || ki), 7, ' ')
end /*k*/
_= _ ""
end /*r*/; say _; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
bubble: procedure expose @.; parse arg n /*N: is the number of @ elements. */
do m=n-1 by -1 until ok; ok=1 /*keep sorting @ array until done.*/
do j=1 for m; k=j+1; if @.j<=@.k then iterate /*elements in order? */
_=@.j; @.j=@.k; @.k=_; ok=0 /*swap 2 elements; flag as not done.*/
end /*j*/
end /*m*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
cocktail: procedure expose @.; parse arg N; nn= N-1 /*N: is number of items. */
do until done; done= 1
do j=1 for nn; jp= j+1
if @.j>@.jp then do; done=0; _=@.j; @.j=@.jp; @.jp=_; end
end /*j*/
if done then leave /*No swaps done? Finished.*/
do k=nn for nn by -1; kp= k+1
if @.k>@.kp then do; done=0; _=@.k; @.k=@.kp; @.kp=_; end
end /*k*/
end /*until*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
cocktailsb: procedure expose @.; parse arg N /*N: is number of items. */
end$= N - 1; beg$= 1
do while beg$ <= end$
beg$$= end$; end$$= beg$
do j=beg$ to end$; jp= j + 1
if @.j>@.jp then do; _=@.j; @.j=@.jp; @.jp=_; end$$=j; end
end /*j*/
end$= end$$ - 1
do k=end$ to beg$ by -1; kp= k + 1
if @.k>@.kp then do; _=@.k; @.k=@.kp; @.kp=_; beg$$=k; end
end /*k*/
beg$= beg$$ + 1
end /*while*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
comb: procedure expose @.; parse arg n /*N: is the number of @ elements. */
g= n-1 /*G: is the gap between the sort COMBs*/
do until g<=1 & done; done= 1 /*assume sort is done (so far). */
g= g * 0.8 % 1 /*equivalent to: g= trunc( g / 1.25) */
if g==0 then g= 1 /*handle case of the gap is too small. */
do j=1 until $>=n; $= j + g /*$: a temporary index (pointer). */
if @.j>@.$ then do; _= @.j; @.j= @.$; @.$= _; done= 0; end
end /*j*/ /* [↑] swap two elements in the array.*/
end /*until*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
exchange: procedure expose @.; parse arg n 1 h /*both N and H have the array size.*/
do while h>1; h= h % 2
do i=1 for n-h; j= i; k= h+i
do while @.k<@.j
_= @.j; @.j= @.k; @.k= _; if h>=j then leave; j= j-h; k= k-h
end /*while @.k<@.j*/
end /*i*/
end /*while h>1*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
gnome: procedure expose @.; parse arg n; k= 2 /*N: is number items. */
do j=3 while k<=n; p= k - 1 /*P: is previous item.*/
if @.p<<=@.k then do; k= j; iterate; end /*order is OK so far. */
_= @.p; @.p= @.k; @.k= _ /*swap two @ entries. */
k= k - 1; if k==1 then k= j; else j= j-1 /*test for 1st index. */
end /*j*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
heap: procedure expose @.; arg n; do j=n%2 by -1 to 1; call heapS j,n; end /*j*/
do n=n by -1 to 2; _= @.1; @.1= @.n; @.n= _; call heapS 1,n-1
end /*n*/; return /* [↑] swap two elements; and shuffle.*/
heapS: procedure expose @.; parse arg i,n; $= @.i /*obtain parent.*/
do while i+i<=n; j= i+i; k= j+1; if k<=n then if @.k>@.j then j= k
if $>=@.j then leave; @.i= @.j; i= j
end /*while*/; @.i= $; return /*define lowest.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
insertion: procedure expose @.; parse arg n
do i=2 to n; $= @.i; do j=i-1 by -1 to 1 while @.j>$
_= j + 1; @._= @.j
end /*j*/
_= j + 1; @._= $
end /*i*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
merge: procedure expose @. !.; parse arg n, L; if L=='' then do; !.=; L= 1; end
if n==1 then return; h= L + 1
if n==2 then do; if @.L>@.h then do; _=@.h; @.h=@.L; @.L=_; end; return; end
m= n % 2 /* [↑] handle case of two items.*/
call merge n-m, L+m /*divide items to the left ···*/
call merger m, L, 1 /* " " " " right ···*/
i= 1; j= L + m
do k=L while k<j /*whilst items on right exist ···*/
if j==L+n | !.i<=@.j then do; @.k= !.i; i= i + 1; end
else do; @.k= @.j; j= j + 1; end
end /*k*/; return
merger: procedure expose @. !.; parse arg n,L,T
if n==1 then do; !.T= @.L; return; end
if n==2 then do; h= L + 1; q= T + 1; !.q= @.L; !.T= @.h; return; end
m= n % 2 /* [↑] handle case of two items.*/
call merge m, L /*divide items to the left ···*/
call merger n-m, L+m, m+T /* " " " " right ···*/
i= L; j= m + T
do k=T while k<j /*whilst items on left exist ···*/
if j==T+n | @.i<=!.j then do; !.k= @.i; i= i + 1; end
else do; !.k= !.j; j= j + 1; end
end /*k*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
pancake: procedure expose @.; parse arg n .; if inOrder(n) then return
do n=n by -1 for n-1
!= @.1; ?= 1; do j=2 to n; if @.j<=! then iterate
!= @.j; ?= j
end /*j*/
call panFlip ?; call panFlip n
end /*n*/; return
panFlip: parse arg y; do i=1 for (y+1)%2; yi=y-i+1; _=@.i; @.i=@.yi; @.yi=_; end; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
quick: procedure expose @.; a.1=1; parse arg b.1; $= 1 /*access @.; get #; define pivot.*/
if inOrder(b.1) then return
do while $\==0; L= a.$; t= b.$; $= $-1; if t<2 then iterate
H= L+t-1; ?= L+t%2
if @.H<@.L then if @.?<@.H then do; p=@.H; @.H=@.L; end
else if @.?>@.L then p=@.L
else do; p=@.?; @.?=@.L; end
else if @.?<@.L then p=@.L
else if @.?>@.H then do; p=@.H; @.H=@.L; end
else do; p=@.?; @.?=@.L; end
j= L+1; k=h
do forever
do j=j while j<k & @.j<=p; end /*a tinie─tiny loop.*/
do k=k by -1 while j<k & @.k>=p; end /*another " " */
if j>=k then leave /*segment finished? */
_= @.j; @.j= @.k; @.k= _ /*swap J&K elements.*/
end /*forever*/
$= $+1; k= j-1; @.L= @.k; @.k= p
if j<=? then do; a.$= j; b.$= H-j+1; $= $+1; a.$= L; b.$= k-L; end
else do; a.$= L; b.$= k-L; $= $+1; a.$= j; b.$= H-j+1; end
end /*while $¬==0*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
radix: procedure expose @.; parse arg size,w; mote= c2d(' '); #= 1; !.#._n= size
!.#._b= 1; if w=='' then w= 8
!.#._i= 1; do i=1 for size; y=@.i; @.i= right(abs(y), w, 0); if y<0 then @.i= '-'@.i
end /*i*/ /* [↑] negative case.*/
do while #\==0; ctr.= 0; L= 'ffff'x; low= !.#._b; n= !.#._n; $= !.#._i; H=
#= #-1 /* [↑] is the radix. */
do j=low for n; parse var @.j =($) _ +1; ctr._= ctr._ + 1
if ctr._==1 & _\=='' then do; if _<<L then L=_; if _>>H then H=_
end /* ↑↑ */
end /*j*/ /* └┴─────◄─── << is a strict comparison.*/
_= /* ┌──◄─── >> " " " " */
if L>>H then iterate /*◄─────┘ */
if L==H & ctr._==0 then do; #= #+1; !.#._b= low; !.#._n= n; !.#._i= $+1; iterate
end
L= c2d(L); H= c2d(H); ?= ctr._ + low; top._= ?; ts= mote
max= L
do k=L to H; _= d2c(k, 1); c= ctr._ /* [↓] swap 2 item radices.*/
if c>ts then parse value c k with ts max; ?= ?+c; top._= ?
end /*k*/
piv= low /*set PIVot to the low part of the sort*/
do while piv<low+n
it= @.piv
do forever; parse var it =($) _ +1; c= top._ -1
if piv>=c then leave; top._= c; ?= @.c; @.c= it; it= ?
end /*forever*/
top._= piv; @.piv= it; piv= piv + ctr._
end /*while piv<low+n */
i= max
do until i==max; _= d2c(i, 1); i= i+1; if i>H then i= L; d= ctr._
if d<=mote then do; if d<2 then iterate; b= top._
do k=b+1 for d-1; q= @.k
do j=k-1 by -1 to b while q<<@.j; jp= j+1; @.jp= @.j
end /*j*/
jp= j+1; @.jp= q
end /*k*/
iterate
end
#= #+1; !.#._b= top._; !.#._n= d; !.#._i= $ + 1
end /*until i==max*/
end /*while #\==0 */
#= 0 /* [↓↓↓] handle neg. and pos. arrays. */
do i=size by -1 for size; if @.i>=0 then iterate; #= #+1; @@.#= @.i
end /*i*/
do j=1 for size; if @.j>=0 then do; #= #+1; @@.#= @.j; end; @.j= @@.j+0
end /*j*/ /* [↑↑↑] combine 2 lists into 1 list. */
return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
selection: procedure expose @.; parse arg n
do j=1 for n-1; _= @.j; p= j
do k=j+1 to n; if @.k>=_ then iterate
_= @.k; p= k /*this item is out─of─order, swap later*/
end /*k*/
if p==j then iterate /*if the same, the order of items is OK*/
_= @.j; @.j= @.p; @.p= /*swap 2 items that're out─of─sequence.*/
end /*j*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
shell: procedure expose @.; parse arg N /*obtain the N from the argument list*/
i= N % 2 /*% is integer division in REXX. */
do while i\==0
do j=i+1 to N; k= j; p= k-i /*P: previous item*/
_= @.j
do while k>=i+1 & @.p>_; @.k= @.p; k= k-i; p= k-i
end /*while k≥i+1*/
@.k= _
end /*j*/
if i==2 then i= 1
else i= i * 5 % 11
end /*while i¬==0*/; return

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@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
# 20221114 Raku programming solution
my ($rounds,$size) = 3, 2000;
my @allones = 1 xx $size;
my @sequential = 1 .. $size;
my @randomized = @sequential.roll xx $size;
sub insertion_sort ( @a is copy ) { # rosettacode.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithms/Insertion_sort#Raku
for 1 .. @a.end -> \k {
loop (my ($j,\value)=k-1,@a[k];$j>-1&&@a[$j]>value;$j--) {@a[$j+1]=@a[$j]}
@a[$j+1] = value;
}
return @a;
}
sub merge_sort ( @a ) { # rosettacode.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithms/Merge_sort#Raku
return @a if @a <= 1;
my $m = @a.elems div 2;
my @l = merge_sort @a[ 0 ..^ $m ];
my @r = merge_sort @a[ $m ..^ @a ];
return flat @l, @r if @l[*-1] !after @r[0];
return flat gather {
take @l[0] before @r[0] ?? @l.shift !! @r.shift
while @l and @r;
take @l, @r;
}
}
sub quick-sort(@data) { # andrewshitov.com/2019/06/23/101-quick-sort-in-perl-6/
return @data if @data.elems <= 1;
my ($pivot,@left, @right) = @data[0];
for @data[1..*] -> $x { $x < $pivot ?? push @left, $x !! push @right, $x }
return flat(quick-sort(@left), $pivot, quick-sort(@right));
}
sub comparesorts($rounds, @tosort) {
my ( $iavg, $mavg, $qavg, $t );
for (<i m q> xx $rounds).flat.pick(*) -> \sort_type {
given sort_type {
when 'i' { $t = now ; insertion_sort @tosort ; $iavg += now - $t }
when 'm' { $t = now ; merge_sort @tosort ; $mavg += now - $t }
when 'q' { $t = now ; quick-sort @tosort ; $qavg += now - $t }
}
}
return $iavg, $mavg, $qavg »/» $rounds
}
for <ones presorted randomized>Z(@allones,@sequential,@randomized) -> ($t,@d) {
say "Average sort times for $size $t:";
{ say "\tinsertion sort\t$_[0]\n\tmerge sort\t$_[1]\n\tquick sort\t$_[2]" }(comparesorts $rounds,@d)
}

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@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
class Array
def radix_sort(base=10) # negative value is inapplicable.
ary = dup
rounds = (Math.log(ary.max)/Math.log(base)).ceil
rounds.times do |i|
buckets = Array.new(base){[]}
base_i = base**i
ary.each do |n|
digit = (n/base_i) % base
buckets[digit] << n
end
ary = buckets.flatten
end
ary
end
def quick_sort
return self if size <= 1
pivot = sample
g = group_by{|x| x<=>pivot}
g.default = []
g[-1].quick_sort + g[0] + g[1].quick_sort
end
def shell_sort
inc = size / 2
while inc > 0
(inc...size).each do |i|
value = self[i]
while i >= inc and self[i - inc] > value
self[i] = self[i - inc]
i -= inc
end
self[i] = value
end
inc = (inc == 2 ? 1 : (inc * 5.0 / 11).to_i)
end
self
end
def insertion_sort
(1...size).each do |i|
value = self[i]
j = i - 1
while j >= 0 and self[j] > value
self[j+1] = self[j]
j -= 1
end
self[j+1] = value
end
self
end
def bubble_sort
(1...size).each do |i|
(0...size-i).each do |j|
self[j], self[j+1] = self[j+1], self[j] if self[j] > self[j+1]
end
end
self
end
end
data_size = [1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000]
data = []
data_size.each do |size|
ary = *1..size
data << [ [1]*size, ary, ary.shuffle, ary.reverse ]
end
data = data.transpose
data_type = ["set to all ones", "ascending sequence", "randomly shuffled", "descending sequence"]
print "Array size: "
puts data_size.map{|size| "%9d" % size}.join
data.each_with_index do |arys,i|
puts "\nData #{data_type[i]}:"
[:sort, :radix_sort, :quick_sort, :shell_sort, :insertion_sort, :bubble_sort].each do |m|
printf "%20s ", m
flag = true
arys.each do |ary|
if flag
t0 = Time.now
ary.dup.send(m)
printf " %7.3f", (t1 = Time.now - t0)
flag = false if t1 > 2
else
print " --.---"
end
end
puts
end
end

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@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
###############################################################################
# measure and plot times
package require Tk
package require struct::list
namespace path ::tcl::mathfunc
proc create_log10_plot {title xlabel ylabel xs ys labels shapes colours} {
set w [toplevel .[clock clicks]]
wm title $w $title
pack [canvas $w.c -background white]
pack [canvas $w.legend -background white]
update
plot_log10 $w.c $w.legend $title $xlabel $ylabel $xs $ys $labels $shapes $colours
$w.c config -scrollregion [$w.c bbox all]
update
}
proc plot_log10 {canvas legend title xlabel ylabel xs ys labels shapes colours} {
global xfac yfac
set log10_xs [map {_ {log10 $_}} $xs]
foreach series $ys {
lappend log10_ys [map {_ {log10 $_}} $series]
}
set maxx [max {*}$log10_xs]
set yvalues [lsort -real [struct::list flatten $log10_ys]]
set firstInf [lsearch $yvalues Inf]
set maxy [lindex $yvalues [expr {$firstInf == -1 ? [llength $yvalues] - 1 : $firstInf - 1}]]
set xfac [expr {[winfo width $canvas] * 0.8/$maxx}]
set yfac [expr {[winfo height $canvas] * 0.8/$maxy}]
scale $canvas x 0 $maxx $xfac "log10($xlabel)"
scale $canvas y 0 $maxy $yfac "log10($ylabel)" $maxx $xfac
$legend create text 30 0 -text $title -anchor nw
set count 1
foreach series $log10_ys shape $shapes colour $colours label $labels {
plotxy $canvas $log10_xs $series $shape $colour
legenditem $legend [incr count] $shape $colour $label
}
}
proc map {lambda list} {
set res [list]
foreach item $list {lappend res [apply $lambda $item]}
return $res
}
proc legenditem {legend pos shape colour label} {
set y [expr {$pos * 15}]
$shape $legend 20 $y -fill $colour
$legend create text 30 $y -text $label -anchor w
}
# The actual plotting engine
proc plotxy {canvas _xs _ys shape colour} {
global xfac yfac
foreach x $_xs y $_ys {
if {$y < Inf} {
lappend xs $x
lappend ys $y
}
}
set coords [list]
foreach x $xs y $ys {
set coord_x [expr {$x*$xfac}]
set coord_y [expr {-$y*$yfac}]
$shape $canvas $coord_x $coord_y -fill $colour
lappend coords $coord_x $coord_y
}
$canvas create line $coords -smooth true
}
# Rescales the contents of the given canvas
proc scale {canvas direction from to fac label {other_to 0} {other_fac 0}} {
set f [expr {$from*$fac}]
set t [expr {$to*$fac}]
switch -- $direction {
x {
set f [expr {$from * $fac}]
set t [expr {$to * $fac}]
# create x-axis
$canvas create line $f 0 $t 0
$canvas create text $f 0 -anchor nw -text $from
$canvas create text $t 0 -anchor n -text [format "%.1f" $to]
$canvas create text [expr {($f+$t)/2}] 0 -anchor n -text $label
}
y {
set f [expr {$from * -$fac}]
set t [expr {$to * -$fac}]
# create y-axis
$canvas create line 0 $f 0 $t
$canvas create text 0 $f -anchor se -text $from
$canvas create text 0 $t -anchor e -text [format "%.1f" $to]
$canvas create text 0 [expr {($f+$t)/2}] -anchor e -text $label
# create gridlines
set xmax [expr {$other_to * $other_fac}]
for {set i 1} {$i < $to} {incr i} {
set y [expr {$i * -$fac}]
$canvas create line 0 $y $xmax $y -dash .
}
}
}
}
# Helper to make points, which are otherwise not a native item type
proc dot {canvas x y args} {
set id [$canvas create oval [expr {$x-3}] [expr {$y-3}] \
[expr {$x+3}] [expr {$y+3}]]
$canvas itemconfigure $id {*}$args
}
proc square {canvas x y args} {
set id [$canvas create rectangle [expr {$x-3}] [expr {$y-3}] \
[expr {$x+3}] [expr {$y+3}]]
$canvas itemconfigure $id {*}$args
}
proc cross {canvas x y args} {
set l1 [$canvas create line [expr {$x-3}] $y [expr {$x+3}] $y]
set l2 [$canvas create line $x [expr {$y-3}] $x [expr {$y+3}]]
$canvas itemconfigure $l1 {*}$args
$canvas itemconfigure $l2 {*}$args
}
proc x {canvas x y args} {
set l1 [$canvas create line [expr {$x-3}] [expr {$y-3}] [expr {$x+3}] [expr {$y+3}]]
set l2 [$canvas create line [expr {$x+3}] [expr {$y-3}] [expr {$x-3}] [expr {$y+3}]]
$canvas itemconfigure $l1 {*}$args
$canvas itemconfigure $l2 {*}$args
}
proc triangleup {canvas x y args} {
set id [$canvas create polygon $x [expr {$y-4}] \
[expr {$x+4}] [expr {$y+4}] \
[expr {$x-4}] [expr {$y+4}]]
$canvas itemconfigure $id {*}$args
}
proc triangledown {canvas x y args} {
set id [$canvas create polygon $x [expr {$y+4}] \
[expr {$x+4}] [expr {$y-4}] \
[expr {$x-4}] [expr {$y-4}]]
$canvas itemconfigure $id {*}$args
}
wm withdraw .
#####################################################################
# list creation procedures
proc ones n {
lrepeat $n 1
}
proc reversed n {
while {[incr n -1] >= 0} {
lappend result $n
}
return $result
}
proc random n {
for {set i 0} {$i < $n} {incr i} {
lappend result [expr {int($n * rand())}]
}
return $result
}
set algorithms {lsort quicksort shellsort insertionsort bubblesort mergesort}
set sizes {1 10 100 1000 10000 100000}
set types {ones reversed random}
set shapes {dot square cross triangleup triangledown x}
set colours {red blue black brown yellow black}
# create some lists to be used by all sorting algorithms
array set lists {}
foreach size $sizes {
foreach type $types {
set lists($type,$size) [$type $size]
}
}
set runs 10
# header
fconfigure stdout -buffering none
puts -nonewline [format "%-16s" "list length:"]
foreach size $sizes {
puts -nonewline [format " %10d" $size]
}
puts ""
# perform the sort timings and output results
foreach type $types {
puts "\nlist type: $type"
set times [list]
foreach algo $algorithms {
set errs [list]
set thesetimes [list]
$algo {} ;# call it once to ensure it's compiled
puts -nonewline [format " %-13s" $algo]
foreach size $sizes {
# some implementations are just too slow
if {$type ne "ones" && (
($algo eq "insertionsort" && $size > 10000) ||
($algo eq "bubblesort" && $size > 1000))
} {
set time Inf
} else {
# OK, do it
if {[catch {time [list $algo $lists($type,$size)] $runs} result] != 0} {
set time Inf
lappend errs $result
} else {
set time [lindex [split $result] 0]
}
}
lappend thesetimes $time
puts -nonewline [format " %10s" $time]
}
puts ""
if {[llength $errs] > 0} {
puts [format " %s" [join $errs "\n "]]
}
lappend times $thesetimes
}
create_log10_plot "Sorting a '$type' list" size time $sizes $times $algorithms $shapes $colours
}
puts "\ntimes in microseconds, average of $runs runs"

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@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
import "random" for Random
import "/sort" for Sort
import "/fmt" for Fmt
var rand = Random.new()
var onesSeq = Fn.new { |n| List.filled(n, 1) }
var shuffledSeq = Fn.new { |n|
var seq = List.filled(n, 0)
for (i in 0...n) seq[i] = 1 + rand.int(10 * n)
return seq
}
var ascendingSeq = Fn.new { |n|
var seq = shuffledSeq.call(n)
seq.sort()
return seq
}
var bubbleSort = Fn.new { |a|
var n = a.count
while (true) {
var n2 = 0
for (i in 1...n) {
if (a[i - 1] > a[i]) {
a.swap(i, i - 1)
n2 = i
}
}
n = n2
if (n == 0) break
}
}
// counting sort of 'a' according to the digit represented by 'exp'
var countSort = Fn.new { |a, exp|
var n = a.count
var output = [0] * n
var count = [0] * 10
for (i in 0...n) {
var t = (a[i]/exp).truncate % 10
count[t] = count[t] + 1
}
for (i in 1..9) count[i] = count[i] + count[i-1]
for (i in n-1..0) {
var t = (a[i]/exp).truncate % 10
output[count[t] - 1] = a[i]
count[t] = count[t] - 1
}
for (i in 0...n) a[i] = output[i]
}
// sorts 'a' in place
var radixSort = Fn.new { |a|
// check for negative elements
var min = a.reduce { |m, i| (i < m) ? i : m }
// if there are any, increase all elements by -min
if (min < 0) (0...a.count).each { |i| a[i] = a[i] - min }
// now get the maximum to know number of digits
var max = a.reduce { |m, i| (i > m) ? i : m }
// do counting sort for each digit
var exp = 1
while ((max/exp).truncate > 0) {
countSort.call(a, exp)
exp = exp * 10
}
// if there were negative elements, reduce all elements by -min
if (min < 0) (0...a.count).each { |i| a[i] = a[i] + min }
}
var measureTime = Fn.new { |sort, seq|
var start = System.clock
sort.call(seq)
return ((System.clock - start) * 1e6).round // microseconds
}
var runs = 10
var lengths = [1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 50000]
var sorts = [
bubbleSort,
Fn.new { |a| Sort.insertion(a) },
Fn.new { |a| Sort.quick(a) },
radixSort,
Fn.new { |a| Sort.shell(a) }
]
var sortTitles = ["Bubble", "Insert", "Quick ", "Radix ", "Shell "]
var seqTitles = ["All Ones", "Ascending", "Shuffled"]
var totals = List.filled(seqTitles.count, null)
for (i in 0...totals.count) {
totals[i] = List.filled(sorts.count, null)
for (j in 0...sorts.count) totals[i][j] = List.filled(lengths.count, 0)
}
var k = 0
for (n in lengths) {
var seqs = [onesSeq.call(n), ascendingSeq.call(n), shuffledSeq.call(n)]
for (r in 0...runs) {
for (i in 0...seqs.count) {
for (j in 0...sorts.count) {
var seq = seqs[i].toList
totals[i][j][k] = totals[i][j][k] + measureTime.call(sorts[j], seq)
}
}
}
k = k + 1
}
System.print("All timings in microseconds\n")
System.write("Sequence length")
for (len in lengths) Fmt.write("$8d ", len)
System.print("\n")
for (i in 0...seqTitles.count) {
System.print(" %(seqTitles[i]):")
for (j in 0...sorts.count) {
System.write(" %(sortTitles[j]) ")
for (k in 0...lengths.count) {
var time = (totals[i][j][k] / runs).round
Fmt.write("$8d ", time)
}
System.print()
}
System.print("\n")
}