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Ingy döt Net 2023-07-01 11:58:00 -04:00
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Task/Quickselect-algorithm/C-sharp/quickselect-algorithm.cs Normal file
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// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Program.cs - QuickSelect
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace QuickSelect
{
internal static class Program
{
#region Static Members
private static void Main()
{
var inputArray = new[] {9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
// Loop 10 times
Console.WriteLine( "Loop quick select 10 times." );
for( var i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
{
Console.Write( inputArray.NthSmallestElement( i ) );
if( i < 9 )
Console.Write( ", " );
}
Console.WriteLine();
// And here is then more effective way to get N smallest elements from vector in order by using quick select algorithm
// Basically we are here just sorting array (taking 10 smallest from array which length is 10)
Console.WriteLine( "Just sort 10 elements." );
Console.WriteLine( string.Join( ", ", inputArray.TakeSmallest( 10 ).OrderBy( v => v ).Select( v => v.ToString() ).ToArray() ) );
// Here we are actually doing quick select once by taking only 4 smallest from array.
Console.WriteLine( "Get 4 smallest and sort them." );
Console.WriteLine( string.Join( ", ", inputArray.TakeSmallest( 4 ).OrderBy( v => v ).Select( v => v.ToString() ).ToArray() ) );
Console.WriteLine( "< Press any key >" );
Console.ReadKey();
}
#endregion
}
internal static class ArrayExtension
{
#region Static Members
/// <summary>
/// Return specified number of smallest elements from array.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of array. Type must implement IComparable(T) interface.</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">The array to return elemnts from.</param>
/// <param name="count">The number of smallest elements to return. </param>
/// <returns>An IEnumerable(T) that contains the specified number of smallest elements of the input array. Returned elements are NOT sorted.</returns>
public static IEnumerable<T> TakeSmallest<T>( this T[] array, int count ) where T : IComparable<T>
{
if( count < 0 )
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException( "count", "Count is smaller than 0." );
if( count == 0 )
return new T[0];
if( array.Length <= count )
return array;
return QuickSelectSmallest( array, count - 1 ).Take( count );
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns N:th smallest element from the array.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of array. Type must implement IComparable(T) interface.</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">The array to return elemnt from.</param>
/// <param name="n">Nth element. 0 is smallest element, when array.Length - 1 is largest element.</param>
/// <returns>N:th smalles element from the array.</returns>
public static T NthSmallestElement<T>( this T[] array, int n ) where T : IComparable<T>
{
if( n < 0 || n > array.Length - 1 )
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException( "n", n, string.Format( "n should be between 0 and {0} it was {1}.", array.Length - 1, n ) );
if( array.Length == 0 )
throw new ArgumentException( "Array is empty.", "array" );
if( array.Length == 1 )
return array[ 0 ];
return QuickSelectSmallest( array, n )[ n ];
}
/// <summary>
/// Partially sort array such way that elements before index position n are smaller or equal than elemnt at position n. And elements after n are larger or equal.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of array. Type must implement IComparable(T) interface.</typeparam>
/// <param name="input">The array which elements are being partially sorted. This array is not modified.</param>
/// <param name="n">Nth smallest element.</param>
/// <returns>Partially sorted array.</returns>
private static T[] QuickSelectSmallest<T>( T[] input, int n ) where T : IComparable<T>
{
// Let's not mess up with our input array
// For very large arrays - we should optimize this somehow - or just mess up with our input
var partiallySortedArray = (T[]) input.Clone();
// Initially we are going to execute quick select to entire array
var startIndex = 0;
var endIndex = input.Length - 1;
// Selecting initial pivot
// Maybe we are lucky and array is sorted initially?
var pivotIndex = n;
// Loop until there is nothing to loop (this actually shouldn't happen - we should find our value before we run out of values)
var r = new Random();
while( endIndex > startIndex )
{
pivotIndex = QuickSelectPartition( partiallySortedArray, startIndex, endIndex, pivotIndex );
if( pivotIndex == n )
// We found our n:th smallest value - it is stored to pivot index
break;
if( pivotIndex > n )
// Array before our pivot index have more elements that we are looking for
endIndex = pivotIndex - 1;
else
// Array before our pivot index has less elements that we are looking for
startIndex = pivotIndex + 1;
// Omnipotent beings don't need to roll dices - but we do...
// Randomly select a new pivot index between end and start indexes (there are other methods, this is just most brutal and simplest)
pivotIndex = r.Next( startIndex, endIndex );
}
return partiallySortedArray;
}
/// <summary>
/// Sort elements in sub array between startIndex and endIndex, such way that elements smaller than or equal with value initially stored to pivot index are before
/// new returned pivot value index.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements of array. Type must implement IComparable(T) interface.</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">The array that is being sorted.</param>
/// <param name="startIndex">Start index of sub array.</param>
/// <param name="endIndex">End index of sub array.</param>
/// <param name="pivotIndex">Pivot index.</param>
/// <returns>New pivot index. Value that was initially stored to <paramref name="pivotIndex"/> is stored to this newly returned index. All elements before this index are
/// either smaller or equal with pivot value. All elements after this index are larger than pivot value.</returns>
/// <remarks>This method modifies paremater array.</remarks>
private static int QuickSelectPartition<T>( this T[] array, int startIndex, int endIndex, int pivotIndex ) where T : IComparable<T>
{
var pivotValue = array[ pivotIndex ];
// Initially we just assume that value in pivot index is largest - so we move it to end (makes also for loop more straight forward)
array.Swap( pivotIndex, endIndex );
for( var i = startIndex ; i < endIndex ; i++ )
{
if( array[ i ].CompareTo( pivotValue ) > 0 )
continue;
// Value stored to i was smaller than or equal with pivot value - let's move it to start
array.Swap( i, startIndex );
// Move start one index forward
startIndex++;
}
// Start index is now pointing to index where we should store our pivot value from end of array
array.Swap( endIndex, startIndex );
return startIndex;
}
private static void Swap<T>( this T[] array, int index1, int index2 )
{
if( index1 == index2 )
return;
var temp = array[ index1 ];
array[ index1 ] = array[ index2 ];
array[ index2 ] = temp;
}
#endregion
}
}