fix utf8

Lang/4D/0DESCRIPTION

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-{{stub}}{{language|4D}}{{IDE}}'''4D''' (or '''4th Dimension''') is a database management system and [[:Category:Integrated Development Environments|integrated development environment]] authored by Laurent Ribardière in 1984.
+{{stub}}{{language|4D}}{{IDE}}'''4D''' (or '''4th Dimension''') is a database management system and [[:Category:Integrated Development Environments|integrated development environment]] authored by Laurent Ribardière in 1984.
 ==Citations==
 *[[wp:4th_Dimension_%28Software%29|Wikipedia:4th Dimension (Software)]]

Lang/CoffeeScript/0DESCRIPTION

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The CoffeeScript compiler has been written in CoffeeScript since version 0.5, an
 
 # Github. "[http://github.com/repositories Interesting Repositories]", Github, Nov 10, 2010.
 # Carson, Ryan. "[http://thinkvitamin.com/mobile/new-rails-like-framework-from-37signals-for-html5-mobile-apps/ New Rails-like Framework from 37signals for HTML5 Mobile Apps]", Think Vitamin blog, Nov 8, 2010.
-# Hagenburger, Nico. "[http://www.hagenburger.net/TALKS/rails-3.1-frontend-performance.html Rails 3.1 – A Sneak Preview]", presentation for [http://railscamp-hamburg.de/ Railscamp Hamburg] on Oct 23, 2010.
+# Hagenburger, Nico. "[http://www.hagenburger.net/TALKS/rails-3.1-frontend-performance.html Rails 3.1 – A Sneak Preview]", presentation for [http://railscamp-hamburg.de/ Railscamp Hamburg] on Oct 23, 2010.
 # Ashkenas, Jeremy. "[http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/issues/830 The Plan for 1.0]", Github issue tracker, Nov 4, 2010.
 
 == External links ==

Lang/Lua/0DESCRIPTION

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 Lua is commonly described as a "multi-[[:Category:Programming Paradigms|paradigm]]" language, providing a small set of general features that can be extended to fit different problem types, rather than providing a more complex and rigid specification to match a single paradigm. Lua, for instance, does not contain explicit support for inheritance, but allows it to be implemented relatively easily with metatables. Similarly, Lua allows programmers to implement namespaces, classes, and other related features using its single table implementation; first class functions allow the employment of many powerful techniques from functional programming; and full lexical scoping allows fine-grained information hiding to enforce the principle of least privilege.
 
-In general, Lua strives to provide flexible meta-features that can be extended as needed, rather than supply a feature-set specific to one programming paradigm. As a result, the base language is light—in fact, the full reference interpreter is only about 150KB compiled—and easily adaptable to a broad range of applications.
+In general, Lua strives to provide flexible meta-features that can be extended as needed, rather than supply a feature-set specific to one programming paradigm. As a result, the base language is light—in fact, the full reference interpreter is only about 150KB compiled—and easily adaptable to a broad range of applications.
 
 ==Citations==
 * [[wp:Lua_%28programming_language%29|Wikipedia:Lua (programming language)]]

Lang/Ruby/0DESCRIPTION

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ It is a language that combines
 
 Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator blended parts of his favorite languages ([[Perl]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Eiffel]], [[Ada]], and [[Lisp]]) to form a new language that balances [[functional programming]] with [[imperative programming]].
 
-He has often said that he is “trying to make Ruby natural, not simple,” in a way that mirrors life.
+He has often said that he is “trying to make Ruby natural, not simple,” in a way that mirrors life.
 
 Since its public release in 1995, Ruby has drawn devoted coders worldwide. In 2006, Ruby achieved mass acceptance. The [http://www.tiobe.com/tpci.htm TIOBE] index, which measures the growth of programming languages, ranks Ruby as #11 among programming languages worldwide. Much of the growth is attributed to the popularity of software written in Ruby, particularly the Rails web framework.
 

Lang/Tcl/0DESCRIPTION

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Tcl is known to be supported under a variety of popular operating systems, inclu
 The Tcl language has been implemented in multiple lower-level languages. The most common one is '''[[libtcl]]''', written in [[C]], which is the engine used to power [[tclsh]] and [[wish]], but others exist. Notably, these include [[Jacl]] and [[Eagle]], which implement Tcl in [[Java]] and [[C sharp|C#]] respectively.
 
 Its creator, John Ousterhout, wrote about it:
-:''“I got the idea for Tcl while on sabbatical leave at DEC's Western Research Laboratory in the fall of 1987. I started actually implementing it when I got back to Berkeley in the spring of 1988; by summer of that year it was in use in some internal applications of ours, but there was no Tk. The first external releases of Tcl were in 1989, I believe. I started implementing Tk in 1989, and the first release of Tk was in 1991.”''
+:''“I got the idea for Tcl while on sabbatical leave at DEC's Western Research Laboratory in the fall of 1987. I started actually implementing it when I got back to Berkeley in the spring of 1988; by summer of that year it was in use in some internal applications of ours, but there was no Tk. The first external releases of Tcl were in 1989, I believe. I started implementing Tk in 1989, and the first release of Tk was in 1991.”''
 
 The principal pre-built distributions of Tcl are all based on [[libtcl]]; the main ones are [[ActiveTcl]] from ActiveState, and [[tclkit]] from Equi4 Software ''et al''. Older versions of the language are distributed as part of Apple's OSX and all Linux distributions.
 
@@ -35,25 +35,25 @@ The principal pre-built distributions of Tcl are all based on [[libtcl]]; the ma
 ===Grammar===
 Note that this is a simplified language grammar, and it is normal to think of the language at a higher level where these differences don't show.
 <br clear=all>
- script     '''::=''' command'''? ((''' “''\n''” '''|''' “'';''” ''')''' script ''')'''
- command    '''::=''' “''#''” characters “''\n''”        <span style="color:grey">/* comment */</span>
+ script     '''::=''' command'''? ((''' “''\n''” '''|''' “'';''” ''')''' script ''')'''
+ command    '''::=''' “''#''” characters “''\n''”        <span style="color:grey">/* comment */</span>
               '''|''' word '''(''' space word ''')*'''       <span style="color:grey">/* sequence of space-separated words;
                                             * first is command name */</span>
               '''|'''                            <span style="color:grey">/* empty */</span>
- word       '''::=''' “''{*}''”'''?''' “''{''” characters “''}''”  <span style="color:grey">/* braces must be balanced */</span>
-              '''|''' “''{*}''”'''?''' “''"''” charSubsts “''"''”  <span style="color:grey">/* double-quotes must be balanced */</span>
-              '''|''' “''{*}''”'''?''' charSubsts
- charSubsts '''::=''' “''[''” script “'']''” charSubsts'''?''' <span style="color:grey">/* brackets must be balanced */</span>
-              '''|''' “''$''” varName charSubsts'''?'''
-              '''|''' “''${''” varName “''}''” charSubsts'''?'''
-              '''|''' “''\\''” escapeSequence charSubsts''?''
+ word       '''::=''' “''{*}''”'''?''' “''{''” characters “''}''”  <span style="color:grey">/* braces must be balanced */</span>
+              '''|''' “''{*}''”'''?''' “''"''” charSubsts “''"''”  <span style="color:grey">/* double-quotes must be balanced */</span>
+              '''|''' “''{*}''”'''?''' charSubsts
+ charSubsts '''::=''' “''[''” script “'']''” charSubsts'''?''' <span style="color:grey">/* brackets must be balanced */</span>
+              '''|''' “''$''” varName charSubsts'''?'''
+              '''|''' “''${''” varName “''}''” charSubsts'''?'''
+              '''|''' “''\\''” escapeSequence charSubsts''?''
               '''|''' ordinaryChar charSubsts''?''
 
 The syntax of the language is defined more exactly in the [http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TclCmd/Tcl.htm Tcl(n)] manual page.
 ===Conceptual Command Syntax===
 Though formally not part of the language syntax, the syntactic style of the language's standard commands mostly follow a few basic syntactic principles:
 * Commands are variadic, and frequently accept arbitrary numbers of arguments.
-* Commands that take options will prefix the option name with a single ASCII hyphen, “-”, and if a value parameter to the option is required, that parameter will be in a subsequent argument to the option name.
+* Commands that take options will prefix the option name with a single ASCII hyphen, “-”, and if a value parameter to the option is required, that parameter will be in a subsequent argument to the option name.
 * Option names are not single character long strings after removing the hyphen (except in rare cases) and <code>getopt</code>-style argument combination is never supported.
 * Commands perform callbacks by evaluating a caller-provided Tcl script.
 ** During-execution callback scripts are evaluated in the context of their caller.
@@ -98,19 +98,19 @@ The following commands are simply normal commands, and can be renamed, deleted,
 '''uplevel''' ?''level''? ''arg''...
 :Concatenate the arguments and evaluate them as a script in the stack frame given by ''level'' (or the stack frame that called the current procedure if that is omitted). Due to syntactic ambiguities, it is recommended that the ''level'' always be specified explicitly.
 ==== From Tcl 8.5 ====
-'''apply''' ''lambdaTerm arg…''
+'''apply''' ''lambdaTerm arg…''
 :Applies a lambda term to zero or more arguments. Lambda terms are two- or three-element tuples, the first element being the formal parameter description, the second being the script that implements the lambda (just as with '''proc''') and the optional third being the context namespace (with the default being the global namespace).
-'''dict''' ''subcommand'' …
+'''dict''' ''subcommand'' …
 :Manipulates dictionaries, values that describe a (sparse) mapping from arbitrary keys to arbitrary values (well, so long as both are themselves values).
 ==== From Tcl 8.6 ====
-'''coroutine''' ''name command arg…''
+'''coroutine''' ''name command arg…''
 :Create a coroutine called ''name'', which is implemented by the execution of ''command'' together with any supplied arguments. The ''name'' is the name of a command that will be used to resume the coroutine.
 '''yield''' ?''value''?
 :Yield from a coroutine, with optional value (empty if not supplied). Result will be the optional resumption argument to the coroutine's command.
-'''tailcall''' ''command arg…''
+'''tailcall''' ''command arg…''
 :Stops the execution of the current context and replaces it with a call to the given ''command'' with any arguments.
 '''oo::class create''' ''name body''
-:Creates a class called ''name'' with definition ''body''. Instances of ''name'' are created with “''name'' '''new''' ''arg…''” and “''name'' '''create''' ''instanceName arg…''”. (Note that the syntax for '''oo::class''' is a consequence of this.)
+:Creates a class called ''name'' with definition ''body''. Instances of ''name'' are created with “''name'' '''new''' ''arg…''” and “''name'' '''create''' ''instanceName arg…''”. (Note that the syntax for '''oo::class''' is a consequence of this.)
 
 ==Language Semantics==
 ===Value Model===