define LOOKAHEAD_LEN = 128

func bwt_sort (String s) {    # O(n * LOOKAHEAD_LEN) space (fast)
    ^s.len -> map {|i|
        var t = s.slice(i, LOOKAHEAD_LEN)

        if (t.len < LOOKAHEAD_LEN) {
            t += s.slice(0, min(i, LOOKAHEAD_LEN - t.len))
        }

        [t, i]
    }.sort {|a,b|
        (a[0] <=> b[0]) || (s.rotate(a[1]) <=> s.rotate(b[1]))
    }.map { .[1] }
}

func bwt_encode(String s) {

    var bwt = bwt_sort(s)
    var ret = bwt.map {|i| s.slice(i-1, 1) }.join
    var idx = bwt.first_index_by { .is_zero }

    return (ret, idx)
}

func bwt_decode(String bwt, Number idx) {    # fast inversion

    var tail = bwt.chars
    var head = tail.sort

    var indices = Hash()
    tail.each_kv {|i,v|
        indices{v} := [] << i
    }

    var table = []
    head.each_kv {|i,v|
        table[i] = indices{v}.shift
    }

    var dec = ''
    var i = idx

    head.len.times {
        dec += head[i]
        i = table[i]
    }

    return dec
}

var tests = [
    "banana", "appellee", "dogwood", "TOBEORNOTTOBEORTOBEORNOT"
    "SIX.MIXED.PIXIES.SIFT.SIXTY.PIXIE.DUST.BOXES",
]

tests.each { |str|
    var (enc, idx) = bwt_encode(str)
    var dec = bwt_decode(enc, idx)
    say "BWT(#{dec.dump}) = (#{enc.dump}, #{idx})"
    assert_eq(str, dec)
}