- val str = "abcde"; val str = "abcde" : string - String.substring(str, 1, String.size str - 1); val it = "bcde" : string - String.substring(str, 0, String.size str - 1); val it = "abcd" : string - String.substring(str, 1, String.size str - 2); val it = "bcd" : string