package utm.scala

import scala.annotation.tailrec
import scala.language.implicitConversions

/**
  * Implementation of Universal Turing Machine in Scala that can simulate an arbitrary
  * Turing machine on arbitrary input
  *
  * @author Abdulla Abdurakhmanov (https://github.com/abdolence/utms)
  */
class UniversalTuringMachine[S](
    val rules: List[UTMRule[S]],
    val initialState: S,
    val finalStates: Set[S],
    val blankSymbol: String,
    val inputTapeVals: Iterable[String],
    printEveryIter: Int = 1
) {

  private val initialTape = UTMTape( inputTapeVals.toVector, 0, blankSymbol )

  @tailrec
  private def iterate( state: S, curIteration: Int, tape: UTMTape ): UTMTape = {
    if (curIteration % printEveryIter == 0) {
      print( s"${curIteration}: ${state}: " )
      tape.printTape()
    }

    if (finalStates.contains( state )) {
      println( s"Finished in the final state: ${state}" )
      tape.printTape()
      tape
    } else {
      rules.find(rule => rule.state == state && rule.fromSymbol == tape.current() ) match {
        case Some( rule ) => {
          val updatedTape = tape.updated( rule.toSymbol, rule.action )

          iterate( rule.toState, curIteration + 1, updatedTape )
        }
        case _ => {
          println(
            s"Finished: no suitable rules found for ${state}/${tape.current()}"
          )
          tape.printTape()
          tape
        }
      }
    }
  }

  def run(): UTMTape =
    iterate( state = initialState, curIteration = 0, tape = initialTape )

}

/**
 * Universal Turing Machine actions
 */
sealed trait UTMAction

object UTMAction {
  case object left extends UTMAction
  case object right extends UTMAction
  case object stay extends UTMAction
}

/**
 * Universal Turing Machine rule definition
 */
case class UTMRule[S]( state: S, fromSymbol: String, toSymbol: String, action: UTMAction, toState: S )

object UTMRule {

  implicit def tupleToUTMLRule[S](
      tuple: ( S, String, String, UTMAction, S )
  ): UTMRule[S] =
    UTMRule[S]( tuple._1, tuple._2, tuple._3, tuple._4, tuple._5 )
}

/**
 * Universal Turing Machine Tape
 */
case class UTMTape( content: Vector[String], position: Int, blankSymbol: String ) {

  private def updateContentAtPos( symbol: String ) = {
    if (position >= content.length) {
      content :+ symbol
    } else if (position < 0) {
      symbol +: content
    } else if (content( position ) != symbol)
      content.updated( position, symbol )
    else
      content
  }

  private[scala] def updated( symbol: String, action: UTMAction ): UTMTape = {
    val updatedTape =
      this.copy( content = updateContentAtPos( symbol ), position = action match {
        case UTMAction.left  => position - 1
        case UTMAction.right => position + 1
        case UTMAction.stay  => position
      } )

    if (updatedTape.position < 0) {
      updatedTape.copy(
        content = blankSymbol +: updatedTape.content,
        position = 0
      )
    } else if (updatedTape.position >= updatedTape.content.length) {
      updatedTape.copy( content = updatedTape.content :+ blankSymbol )
    } else
      updatedTape
  }

  private[scala] def current(): String = {
    if (content.isDefinedAt( position ))
      content( position )
    else
      blankSymbol
  }

  def printTape(): Unit = {
    print( "[" )
    if (position < 0)
      print( "˅" )
    content.zipWithIndex.foreach {
      case ( symbol, index ) =>
        if (position == index)
          print( "˅" )
        else
          print( " " )
        print( s"$symbol" )
    }
    if (position >= content.length)
      print( "˅" )
    println( "]" )
  }

}

object UniversalTuringMachine extends App {

  main()

  def main(): Unit = {
    import UTMAction._

    def createIncrementMachine() = {

      sealed trait IncrementStates
      case object q0 extends IncrementStates
      case object qf extends IncrementStates

      new UniversalTuringMachine[IncrementStates](
        rules = List( ( q0, "1", "1", right, q0 ), ( q0, "B", "1", stay, qf ) ),
        initialState = q0,
        finalStates = Set( qf ),
        blankSymbol = "B",
        inputTapeVals = Seq( "1", "1", "1" )
      ).run()

    }

    def createThreeStateBusyBeaver() = {

      sealed trait ThreeStateBusyStates
      case object a extends ThreeStateBusyStates
      case object b extends ThreeStateBusyStates
      case object c extends ThreeStateBusyStates
      case object halt extends ThreeStateBusyStates

      new UniversalTuringMachine[ThreeStateBusyStates](
        rules = List(
          ( a, "0", "1", right, b ),
          ( a, "1", "1", left, c ),
          ( b, "0", "1", left, a ),
          ( b, "1", "1", right, b ),
          ( c, "0", "1", left, b ),
          ( c, "1", "1", stay, halt )
        ),
        initialState = a,
        finalStates = Set( halt ),
        blankSymbol = "0",
        inputTapeVals = Seq()
      ).run()

    }

    def createFiveState2SymBusyBeaverMachine() = {
      sealed trait FiveBeaverStates
      case object FA extends FiveBeaverStates
      case object FB extends FiveBeaverStates
      case object FC extends FiveBeaverStates
      case object FD extends FiveBeaverStates
      case object FE extends FiveBeaverStates
      case object FH extends FiveBeaverStates

      new UniversalTuringMachine[FiveBeaverStates](
        rules = List(
          ( FA, "0", "1", right, FB ),
          ( FA, "1", "1", left, FC ),
          ( FB, "0", "1", right, FC ),
          ( FB, "1", "1", right, FB ),
          ( FC, "0", "1", right, FD ),
          ( FC, "1", "0", left, FE ),
          ( FD, "0", "1", left, FA ),
          ( FD, "1", "1", left, FD ),
          ( FE, "0", "1", stay, FH ),
          ( FE, "1", "0", left, FA )
        ),
        initialState = FA,
        finalStates = Set( FH ),
        blankSymbol = "0",
        inputTapeVals = Seq(),
        printEveryIter = 100000
      ).run()
    }

    createIncrementMachine()
    createThreeStateBusyBeaver()
    // careful here, 47 mln iterations
    createFiveState2SymBusyBeaverMachine()
  }
}