RosettaCodeData/Task/Tic-tac-toe/Modula-2/tic-tac-toe.mod2

MODULE TicTacToe;

FROM STextIO IMPORT
  WriteLn, WriteString, ReadString, SkipLine;
FROM SWholeIO IMPORT
  WriteInt, ReadCard;
FROM RandomNumbers IMPORT
  Rnd;

TYPE
  TWinPos = ARRAY [0 .. 7], [0 .. 2] OF INTEGER; (* Winning positions *)
  TMover = (Human, Computer, Nobody);

CONST
  WinPos = TWinPos{{0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5},
                   {6, 7, 8}, {0, 3, 6},
                   {1, 4, 7}, {2, 5, 8},
                   {0, 4, 8}, {2, 4, 6}};

VAR
  Board    : ARRAY [0 .. 8] OF CHAR;
  BestMove,
  T        : INTEGER;
  MyPiece,
  HisPiece : CHAR;
  CompFirst: BOOLEAN;
  Mover    : TMover;
  Answ     : ARRAY [0 .. 1] OF CHAR;
  MyWinsCnt,
  HisWinsCnt,
  DrawsCnt,
  MovesCnt,
  I        : CARDINAL;

PROCEDURE WriteStringLn(S: ARRAY OF CHAR);
BEGIN
  WriteString(S);
  WriteLn
END WriteStringLn;

PROCEDURE SpacesFilled(): BOOLEAN;
VAR
  I: CARDINAL;
BEGIN
  FOR I := 0 TO 8 DO
    IF Board[I] = " " THEN
      RETURN FALSE;
    END
  END;
  RETURN TRUE
END SpacesFilled;

PROCEDURE DisplayNumberedBoard;
VAR
  I  : CARDINAL;
  Row: ARRAY [0 .. 10] OF CHAR;
BEGIN
  Row := " * | * | * ";
  FOR I := 0 TO 8 BY 3 DO
    Row[1] := CHR(I + 1 + ORD("0"));
    Row[5] := CHR(I + 2 + ORD("0"));
    Row[9] := CHR(I + 3 + ORD("0"));
    WriteStringLn(Row);
    IF I <> 6 THEN
      WriteStringLn("---+---+---");
    END;
  END
END DisplayNumberedBoard;

PROCEDURE DisplayPiecedBoard;
VAR
  I  : CARDINAL;
  Row: ARRAY [0 .. 10] OF CHAR;
BEGIN
  Row := " * | * | * ";
  FOR I := 0 TO 8 BY 3 DO
    Row[1] := Board[I];
    Row[5] := Board[I + 1];
    Row[9] := Board[I + 2];
    WriteStringLn(Row);
    IF I <> 6 THEN
      WriteStringLn("---+---+---");
    END;
  END;
END DisplayPiecedBoard;

PROCEDURE Evaluate(Me: CHAR; Him: CHAR): INTEGER;
  (* Recursive algorithm *)
VAR
  I       : CARDINAL;
  SafeMove,
  V,
  LoseFlag: INTEGER;
BEGIN
  IF Win(Me) THEN
    RETURN 1
  END;
  IF Win(Him) THEN
    RETURN -1
  END;
  IF SpacesFilled() THEN
    RETURN 0
  END;
  LoseFlag := 1;
  I := 0;
  WHILE I <= 8 DO
    IF Board[I] = " " THEN
      Board[I] := Me; (* Try the move. *)
      V := Evaluate(Him, Me);
      Board[I] := " "; (* Restore the empty space. *)
      IF V = -1 THEN
        BestMove := I;
        RETURN 1
      END;
      IF V = 0 THEN
        LoseFlag := 0;
        SafeMove := I
      END;
    END;
    I := I + 1;
  END;
  BestMove := SafeMove;
  RETURN -LoseFlag
END Evaluate;

PROCEDURE Win(Piece: CHAR): BOOLEAN;
VAR
  I: CARDINAL;
BEGIN
  FOR I := 0 TO 7 DO
    IF (Board[WinPos[I, 0]] = Piece) AND
       (Board[WinPos[I, 1]] = Piece) AND
       (Board[WinPos[I, 2]] = Piece) THEN
      RETURN TRUE
    END;
  END;
  RETURN FALSE
END Win;

PROCEDURE ClearBoard;
VAR
  I: CARDINAL;
BEGIN
  FOR I := 0 TO 8 DO
    Board[I] := " "
  END;
END ClearBoard;

PROCEDURE WriteSummary(What: ARRAY OF CHAR; Cnt: CARDINAL);
BEGIN
  WriteString(What);
  WriteInt(Cnt, 1);
  WriteString(" game");
  IF Cnt <> 1 THEN
    WriteStringLn("s.");
  ELSE
    WriteStringLn(".");
  END;
END WriteSummary;

BEGIN
  MyWinsCnt := 0;
  HisWinsCnt := 0;
  DrawsCnt := 0;
  CompFirst := TRUE; (* It be reversed, so in fact human goes first *)
  WriteLn;
  WriteStringLn("            TIC-TAC-TOE");
  WriteLn;
  WriteStringLn("In this version, X always goes first.");
  WriteStringLn("The board is numbered:");
  REPEAT
    CompFirst := NOT CompFirst; (* reverse who goes first *)
    MovesCnt := 0;
    WriteLn;
    DisplayNumberedBoard;
    WriteLn;
    IF CompFirst THEN
      WriteStringLn("I go first.");
    ELSE
      WriteString("You go first.");
    END;
    WriteLn;
    ClearBoard;
    IF CompFirst THEN
      MyPiece := "X";
      HisPiece := "O"
    ELSE
      MyPiece := "O";
      HisPiece := "X"
    END;
    IF CompFirst THEN
      Mover := Computer
    ELSE
      Mover := Human
    END;
    WHILE Mover <> Nobody DO
      CASE Mover OF
      | Computer:
          IF MovesCnt = 0 THEN
            BestMove := Rnd(9)
          ELSIF MovesCnt = 1 THEN
            IF Board[4] <> " " THEN
              BestMove := Rnd(2) * 6 + Rnd(2) * 2 (* 0, 2, 6, or 8 *)
            ELSE
              BestMove := 4
            END
          ELSE
            T := Evaluate(MyPiece, HisPiece)
          END;
          Board[BestMove] := MyPiece;
          MovesCnt := MovesCnt + 1;
          WriteLn;
          DisplayPiecedBoard;
          WriteLn;
          IF Win(MyPiece) THEN
            MyWinsCnt := MyWinsCnt + 1;
            WriteStringLn("I win!");
            Mover := Nobody
          ELSIF SpacesFilled() THEN
            DrawsCnt := DrawsCnt + 1;
            WriteStringLn("It's a draw. Thank you.");
            Mover := Nobody
          ELSE
            Mover := Human
          END
      | Human:
          LOOP
            WriteString("Where do you move? ");
            ReadCard(I);
            SkipLine;
            IF (I < 1) OR (I > 9) THEN
              WriteString("Illegal! ");
            ELSIF Board[I - 1] <> " " THEN
              WriteString("Place already occupied. ");
            ELSE
              EXIT
            END
          END;
          Board[I - 1] := HisPiece;
          MovesCnt := MovesCnt + 1;
          WriteLn;
          DisplayPiecedBoard;
          WriteLn;
          IF Win(HisPiece) THEN
            HisWinsCnt := HisWinsCnt + 1;
            WriteStringLn("You beat me! Good game.");
            Mover := Nobody
          ELSIF SpacesFilled() THEN
            DrawsCnt := DrawsCnt + 1;
            WriteStringLn("It's a draw. Thank you.");
            Mover := Nobody
          ELSE
            Mover := Computer
          END;
      END (* CASE *)
    END; (* WHILE *)
    WriteLn;
    WriteString("Another game (y/n)? ");
    ReadString(Answ);
    SkipLine
  UNTIL CAP(Answ[0]) <> "Y";
  WriteLn;
  WriteStringLn("Final score:");
  WriteSummary("You won ", MyWinsCnt);
  WriteSummary("I won ", MyWinsCnt);
  WriteSummary("We tied ", DrawsCnt);
  WriteStringLn("See you later!");
END TicTacToe.