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Add Huub's discussion to the SVN
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QA/tests/dft_bsse/README
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QA/tests/dft_bsse/README
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========= Dummy centers vs Ghost centers ==========
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==== The Characters
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Originally dummy centers (named "x") were a mathematical trick to specify
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zmatrices for tricky molecules. E.g. benzene, or linear molecules.
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Because of their role it is alright to delete dummy centers. This was
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introduced at some point to clean up zmatrices. After deleting the dummies
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the autoz function would be used to regenerate a zmatrix.
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Ghost centers (named "bq" after the ghost Banquo from William
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Shakespeare's Macbeth) were introduced to calculate BSSE
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free energies. These centers have basis sets, but no charge and
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no electrons.
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==== The conflict
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The way the deletion is implemented means that different things happen
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depending on how dummy centers are named. Due to a different choice
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of internal coordinates this could lead to a different optimization path.
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==== The resolution
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To fix this all centers starting with "x" but not "xe" are deleted and a new
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zmatrix generated. Bq centers by their nature should not be deleted, and they
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now won't be.
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==== The dénouement
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Not clear to me at present is what happens if the original input
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zmatrix contains constraints. I don't see how these can be handled so that they
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would always survive the elimination of the dummy centers. Of course one could
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replace the dummy centers by ghost centers without a basis set to deal with
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such a case. The dft_bsse test case has been updated to match the new approach.
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